উইকিপিডিয়ার এই নিবন্ধের পাতায় নীচের তালিকাসমূহে আন্তর্জাতিক ধ্বনিমূলক বর্ণমালায় ইতালীয় বর্ণমালার প্রতিবর্ণীকরণের পদ্ধতি বর্ণিত হয়েছে।

ইতালীয় শব্দসমূহের সম্পর্কে পুরোপুরি জানার জন্য ইতালীয় ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব দেখুন। উইকিসংকলনে একটি ইতালিয়ান উচ্চারণ নির্দেশিকা রয়েছে।

বানান এবং উচ্চারণের মধ্যে সম্পর্কে জানতে, ইতালীয় বানান দেখুন।

প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ সারণি সম্পাদনা

ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনিসমূহ[১]
আইপিএ উদাহরণসমূহ সহজবোধ্য বাংলা রূপ
b banca, cibo
d dove, idra ড়ি
dz zaino, azalea, mezzo[২][৩]
gelo, giù, magia, judo, gadget[৪] জুড়ে
f fatto, cifra, phon
ɡ gatto, agro, glifo, ghetto রু
k cosa, acuto, finché, quei, kiwi[৪] লা
l lato, tela লিতা
ʎ figli, glielo, maglia[৩] লিফট
m mano, amare, input, anfibio[৫] টর
n nano, punto, pensare[৫] রম
ŋ unghia (উগিয়া), anche, dunque (দুকুয়ে)[৫] কল
ɲ gnocco, ogni[৩] নিয়ম ()
p primo, ampio, apertura[৪] ণ্য
r Roma, quattro, morte সুন
s sano, scusa, presentire, pasto কাল
ʃ scena, scià, pesci, flash, chic[৩] শা
t tranne, mito, altro, thai[৪] রি
ts zio, sozzo, marzo[২][৩] cats
certo, ciao, farmacia, chip শমা
v vado, povero, watt
z sbirro, presentare, asma zipper
অ-স্থানীয় ব্যঞ্জনবর্ণ
h hobby, hertz[৪][৬] ওয়া (অনুচ্চারিত (আক্কা))
θ Thatcher, Pérez[৪][৭] thing
x khamsin, Bach, jota[৮] loch (Scottish English)
ʒ Fuji, abat-jour, garage, casual[৪] vision
স্বরবর্ণসমূহ[৯]
আইপিএ উদাহরণসমূহ সহজবোধ্য বাংলা রূপ
a alto, sarà, must, clown father
e vero, perché, liaison hey
ɛ elica, cioè, cash, play, spread bed
i viso, sì, zia, feed, team, sexy ski
o ombra, otto, show, coach tow (American English), lord (RP)
ɔ otto, sarò, Sean off (RP)
u usi, ragù, tuo, look, tour rule
অ-স্থানীয় স্বরবর্ণসমূহ
ø viveur, goethiano, Churchill[১০] murder (RP)
y parure, brûlé, Führer[১১] future (Scottish English)
 
অর্ধস্বরবর্ণসমূহ
আইপিএ উদাহরণসমূহ সহজবোধ্য বাংলা রূপ
j ieri, saio, più, Jesi, yacht, news লিশ
w uova, guado, qui, week-end ত্তর
 
ফুসফুসনির্গত ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনিসমূহ
আইপিএ উদাহরণসমূহ ব্যাখ্যা
ˈ Cennini [tʃenˈniːni] primary stress
ˌ altamente [ˌaltaˈmente] secondary stress[১২]
. continuo [konˈtiːnu.o] syllable break
ː primo [ˈpriːmo] long vowel[১৩]

আরও দেখুন সম্পাদনা

নোটসমূহ সম্পাদনা

  1. If consonants are doubled after a vowel, they are geminated: all consonants may be geminated except for /z/. In IPA, gemination is represented by doubling the consonant (fatto /ˈfatto/, mezzo /ˈmɛddzo/) or by using the length marker ⟨ː⟩. There is also the sandhi of syntactic gemination: va via /ˌva vˈviːa/).
  2. ⟨z⟩ represents both /ts/ and /dz/. The article on Italian orthography explains how they are used.
  3. /dz/, /ts/, /ʎ/, /ɲ/ and /ʃ/ are always geminated after a vowel.
  4. In Tuscany [h], [ɸ], [θ] and [ʒ] are the common allophones of vowel-following single /k/, /p/, /t/ and /dʒ/.
  5. The nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/ ~ /nk/ is a velar [ŋ], and the one in /nf/ ~ /nv/ is the labiodental [ɱ], but for simplicity, ⟨m⟩ is used here. A nasal before /p/, /b/ and /m/ is always the labial [m].
  6. /h/ is usually dropped.
  7. /θ/ is usually pronounced as [t] in English loanwords, and [dz], [ts] (if spelled ⟨z⟩) or [s] (if spelled ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩) in Spanish ones.
  8. In Spanish loanwords, /x/ is usually pronounced as [h], [k] or dropped. In German, Arabic and Russian ones, it is usually pronounced [k].
  9. Italian contrasts seven monophthongs in stressed syllables. Open-mid vowels /ɛ, ɔ/ can appear only if the syllable is stressed (coperto /koˈpɛrto/, quota /ˈkwɔːta/), close-mid vowels /e, o/ are found elsewhere (Boccaccio /bokˈkattʃo/, amore /aˈmoːre/). Close and open vowels /i, u, a/ are unchanged in unstressed syllables, but word-final unstressed /i/ may become approximant [j] before vowels, which is known as synalepha (pari età /ˌparj eˈta/).
  10. Open-mid [œ] or close-mid [ø] if it is stressed but usually [ø] if it is unstressed. May be replaced by [ɛ] (stressed) or [e] (stressed or unstressed).
  11. /y/ is often pronounced as [u] or [ju].
  12. Since Italian has no distinction between heavier or lighter vowels (like the English o in conclusion vs o in nomination), a defined secondary stress, even in long words, is extremely rare.
  13. Stressed vowels are long in non-final open syllables: fato [ˈfaːto] ~ fatto [ˈfatto].


বহিঃসংযোগ সম্পাদনা