টেমপ্লেট:তথ্যছক গ্রহ

টেমপ্লেট নথি[দেখুন] [সম্পাদনা] [ইতিহাস] [শোধন]

Other templates redirecting here: {{Planet}}, {{Infobox minor planet}}, {{Infobox Planet}}, {{Infobox Moon}}, {{Infobox Nonstellar body}}

This template has been designed for the presentation of information on non-stellar astronomical bodies: planets (including extrasolar planets), dwarf planets, moons and minor planets. Some parameters will not be applicable to individual types; these may be omitted without any problems to the template's function.

ব্যবহারের নোট

• This template expects that the <references /> tag will be present in articles setting the minorplanet parameter to yes. Pages without a <references /> tag will show Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page for a group named "note", but the references will not show without a <ref group="note"> tag; see Help:Cite errors. at the bottom of the page.
• When parameters relating to minor planets are used (e.g. mp_name), several subheadings and wikilinks within the template are made specific to minor planets. For standard formulas for computable values and sources of physical data, see Template talk:Infobox Nonstellar body#Computed values and Standard asteroid physical characteristics.
• The Proper Orbital Element "Proper orbital period" (in Julian Years and Days) is calculated within the template from Proper Mean Motion and so does not require a parameter.
• For bodies orbiting bodies other than the Sun, include the parameter |apsis = (appropriate suffix). This will replace various parameters' default "-helion" suffix to the suffix set by the apsis parameter. For example, setting |apsis = astron converts the labels "perihelion", "aphelion" and "Argument of perihelion" into "periastron", "apastron" and "Argument of periastron" respectively.

প্রস্তাবিত পরামিতি

For a list of all parameters, see All parameters below.

Exosolar গ্রহ

name

চিত্র:Image caption
আবিষ্কার
আবিষ্কারক	discoverer
আবিষ্কারের স্থান	discovery_site
আবিষ্কারের তারিখ	discovered
আবিষ্কারের পদ্ধতি	discovery_method
বিবরণ
বিকল্প নামসমূহ	alt_names
কক্ষপথের বৈশিষ্ট্য
অর্ধ-মুখ্য অক্ষ	semimajor
উৎকেন্দ্রিকতা	eccentricity
কক্ষীয় পর্যায়কাল	period
গড় কক্ষীয় দ্রুতি	avg_speed
নতি	inclination
কৌণিক দূরত্ব	angular_dist
নিকটবিন্দুর দ্রাঘিমা	long_periastron
নিকটবিন্দুর সময়	time_periastron
অর্ধ-বিস্তার	semi-amplitude
ভৌত বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ
গড় ব্যাসার্ধ	mean_radius
পৃষ্ঠের ক্ষেত্রফল	surface_area
আয়তন	volume
ভর	mass
গড় ঘনত্ব	density
বিষুবীয় পৃষ্ঠের অভিকর্ষ	surface_grav
মুক্তি বেগ	escape_velocity
প্রতিফলন অনুপাত	albedo
তাপমাত্রা	single_temperature

{{Infobox planet
| name               = <!--(Common/agreed name)-->
| image              =
| caption            =
| apsis              = astron
| discovery_ref      = <!--(Any appropriate <ref>(s) to append to the name)-->
| discoverer         =
| discovery_site     =
| discovered         = <!--(Date)-->
| discovery_method   =
| alt_names          = <!--(Any alternative names for the body)-->
| periastron         =
| apoastron          =
| semimajor          =
| avg_speed          = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| eccentricity       =
| period             = <!--(Orbital period)-->
| inclination        =
| angular_dist       =
| long_periastron    = <!--(Longitude of periastron)-->
| time_periastron    = <!--(Time of periastron)-->
| semi-amplitude     =
| mean_radius        =
| surface_area       =
| volume             =
| density            =
| mass               =
| surface_grav       = <!--Equatorial surface gravity-->
| escape_velocity    =
| albedo             =
| single_temperature =
}}

গৌণ গ্রহাণু

name symbol

চিত্র:Image caption
আবিষ্কার
আবিষ্কারক	discoverer
আবিষ্কারের স্থান	discovery site
আবিষ্কারের তারিখ	discovered
বিবরণ
এমপিসি পদমর্যাদা	mp_name
বিকল্প নামসমূহ	alt_names
ক্ষুদ্র গ্রহসমূহের শ্রেণী	mp_category
কক্ষপথের বৈশিষ্ট্য
যুগ epoch
অপসূর	aphelion
অনুসূর	perihelion
অর্ধ-মুখ্য অক্ষ	semimajor
উৎকেন্দ্রিকতা	eccentricity
কক্ষীয় পর্যায়কাল	period
গড় কক্ষীয় দ্রুতি	avg_speed
গড় ব্যত্যয়	mean_anomaly
নতি	inclination
উদ্বিন্দুর দ্রাঘিমা	asc_node
অনুসূরের উপপত্তি	arg_peri
উপগ্রহসমূহ	satellites
উপযুক্ত কক্ষপথের উপাদান
উপযুক্ত অর্ধ-মুখ্য অক্ষ	p_semi_major AU
উপযুক্ত উৎকেন্দ্রিকতা	p_eccentricity
উপযুক্ত নতি	p_inclination
উপযুক্ত গড় গতি	360 ডিগ্রী / বছর
উপযুক্ত কক্ষীয় পর্যায়কাল	1 বছর (365.25 দি)
অনুসূরের অয়নচলন	perihelion_rate আর্কসে / বছর
ঊর্ধ্বগামী নোডের অয়নচলন	node_rate আর্কসে / বছর
ভৌত বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ
মাত্রাসমূহ	dimensions
ভর	mass
গড় ঘনত্ব	density
বিষুবীয় পৃষ্ঠের অভিকর্ষ	surface_grav
মুক্তি বেগ	escape_velocity
নাক্ষত্রিক ঘূর্ণনকাল	sidereal_day
অক্ষীয় ঢাল	axial_tilt
মেরুর ভূ-কক্ষের অক্ষাংশ	pole_ecliptic_lat
মেরুর ভূ-কক্ষের দ্রাঘিমাংশ	pole_ecliptic_lon
প্রতিফলন অনুপাত	albedo
পৃষ্ঠের তাপমাত্রা ন্যূন মধ্যক সর্বোচ্চ Kelvin 150 200 Celsius -73
বর্ণালীর ধরন	spectral_type
পরম মান (H)	abs_magnitude

{{Infobox planet
| width              = (default is 22em)
| name               =
| symbol             =
| image              =
| caption            =
| discovery_ref      = <ref>....</ref>
| discoverer         =
| discovered         =
| discovery_site     = ''discovery_site''
| mp_name            = <!--(Minor planet name)-->
| mp_category        = <!--(Minor planet category)-->
| alt_names          = <!--(Alternative names)-->
| orbit_ref          = <ref>Osculating Orbital Elements</ref>
| epoch              =
| aphelion           =
| perihelion         =
| semimajor          =
| eccentricity       =
| period             =
| avg_speed          = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| inclination        =
| asc_node           = <!--(Longitude of ascending node)-->
| mean_anomaly       =
| arg_peri           = <!--(Argument of perihelion)-->
| p_orbit_ref        = <ref>Proper Orbital Elements</ref>
| p_semimajor        =
| p_eccentricity     =
| p_inclination      =
| p_mean_motion      = <!--(Proper orbital mean motion)-->
| perihelion_rate    = <!--(Proper perihelic precession rate)-->
| node_rate          = <!--(Proper nodal precession rate)-->
| satellites         =
| dimensions         =
| mass               =
| density            =
| surface_grav       = <!--(Equatorial surface gravity)-->
| escape_velocity    =
| sidereal_day       =
| axial_tilt         =
| pole_ecliptic_lat  = <!--(Pole ecliptic latitude)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lon  = <!--(Pole ecliptic longitude)-->
| albedo             =
| temp_name1         =
| mean_temp_1        =
| max_temp_1         =
| temp_name2         =
| max_temp_2         =
| spectral_type      =
| abs_magnitude      = <!--(Absolute magnitude)-->
}}

See here for means of semi-automating this template's transclusion as regards minor planets.

• For satellites of minor planets, include the parameter |apsis = astron (see above).

ব্যবহার নোট

From Wikipedia:WikiProject Astronomical objects/Infoboxes

Most of these entries should be measured in SI units. Some of them, however, should have more "human-accessible" units, in addition to SI units: several such cases are indicated with a second unit name in brackets. In the case of times (orbital periods, rotation), it is best to give all periods in days for comparison purposes, and provide a translation (in parentheses) into years, days, hours, etc.; whatever is most appropriate for the duration being described.

This template is very flexible. Moons with no atmosphere whatsoever could skip the atmospheric composition section entirely, for example (though atmospheric density would still be listed). Moons also wouldn't have their orbital radii listed in AU, since AUs are such large units. For planets, use "perihelion" and "aphelion" instead of "periapsis" and "apoapsis."

In the case of "number of moons" and "is a moon of", only one of these rows will be used by any given object. There aren't any moons with moons (yet), though perhaps "co-orbital with" might be a useful row to add in a few cases.

On orbital characteristics: The orbital circumference should be computed from the semi-major axis using Ramanujan's approximation for ellipses. The ratio of that circumference to the period then gives the average orbital speed. The minimum and maximum speeds follow from Kepler's laws: $v_{max}=2\pi a^{2}{\frac {\sqrt {1-e^{2}}}{Ta(1-e)}}$ and $v_{min}=2\pi a^{2}{\frac {\sqrt {1-e^{2}}}{Ta(1+e)}}$. Note that, by convention, all orbital parameters are given in the primocentric reference system (heliocentric for the planets).

On proper orbital elements: The formulae used by the template to convert from proper mean motion to proper orbital motion are:
O_years = 360 / M   and
O_days = 365.25 x O_years

On physical characteristics: The surface area and volume of non-spherical objects (e.g. moonlets, asteroids) must use the proper ellipsoid formulae, because even slight departures from sphericity will make a large difference, particularly for the area.

On the subject of obliquity: Obliquity is the angle between the object's axis of rotation and the normal to the plane of its orbit. Do not confuse this with the Tilt listed in the JPL pages, which is a measure of the angle between the local Laplace plane and the primary's equatorial plane. In fact, most inner moons have synchronous rotations, so their obliquities will be, by definition, zero. Outer moons simply have not been seen from close up enough to determine their true obliquities (although Phoebe, recently seen by the Cassini probe, is an exception; see Talk:Phoebe (moon) for the derivation of its obliquity).

সমস্ত পরামিতি

{{Infobox planet
| width                  = <!--(Best given in font-proportional units such as 'em')-->
| name                   =
| symbol                 = <!--([[File:...]])-->
| background             =
| image                  = <!--([[File:...]])-->
| caption                =
| apsis                  =
| discovery_ref          = <ref>...</ref>
| discoverer             =
| discovery_site         =
| discovered             =
| discovery_method       =
| mp_name                =
| pronounced             =
| named_after            =
| mp_category            =
| alt_names              =
| orbit_ref              = <ref>Osculating Orbital Elements</ref>
| orbit_diagram          = <!-- image link, just like in prose. ex.: [[File:1992 TC orbital diagram.jpg|260px]] -->
| epoch                  =
| aphelion               =
| perihelion             =
| periastron             =
| apoastron              =
| periapsis              =
| apoapsis               =
| semimajor              =
| mean_orbit_radius      =
| eccentricity           =
| period                 =
| synodic_period         =
| avg_speed              = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| mean_anomaly           =
| inclination            =
| angular_dist           = <!--(Angular distance)-->
| asc_node               = <!--(Longitude of ascending node)-->
| long_periastron        = <!--(Longitude of periastron)-->
| time_periastron        = <!--(Time of periastron)-->
| arg_peri               = <!--(Argument of peri[helion/astron/...])-->
| semi-amplitude         =
| p_orbit_ref            = <ref>Proper Orbital Elements</ref>
| p_semimajor            =
| p_eccentricity         =
| p_inclination          =
| p_mean_motion          = <!--(Proper orbital mean motion)-->
| perihelion_rate        = <!--(Proper perihelic precession rate)-->
| node_rate              = <!--(Proper nodal precession rate)-->
| satellite_of           =
| satellites             =
| dimensions             =
| flattening             =
| equatorial_radius      =
| polar_radius           =
| mean_radius            =
| circumference          =
| surface_area           =
| volume                 =
| mass                   =
| density                =
| surface_grav           = <!--(Equatorial surface gravity)-->
| escape_velocity        =
| sidereal_day           =
| rot_velocity           = <!--(Rotational velocity)-->
| axial_tilt             =
| right_asc_north_pole   = <!--(North pole right ascension)-->
| declination            = <!--(North pole declination)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lat      = <!--(Pole ecliptic latitude)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lon      = <!--(Pole ecliptic longitude)-->
| albedo                 =
| single_temperature     =
| temp_name1             =
| min_temp_1             =
| mean_temp_1            =
| max_temp_1             =
| temp_name2             =
| min_temp_2             =
| mean_temp_2            =
| max_temp_2             =
| spectral_type          =
| magnitude              = <!--(Apparent magnitude)-->
| abs_magnitude          = <!--(Absolute magnitude)-->
| angular_size           =
| pronounced             = {{IPA-en|<!-- IPA string -->|}}
| adjectives             =
| atmosphere_ref         = <ref>...</ref>
| surface_pressure       =
| scale_height           =
| atmosphere_composition =
}}

নির্ণয় মান

This section documents how some minor planet parameters may be computed when they're not directly measured. More detail can be found in Standard asteroid physical characteristics.

গড় কক্ষপথের গতি

This is very simply the orbital circumference divided by the orbital period.

The exact circumference of an ellipse is $4aE(e)$, where a is the semi-major axis, e the eccentricity, and the function E is the complete elliptic integral of the second kind. This gives

$v_{o}={\frac {4aE(e)}{T}}$

E is close to $\pi /2$ when e is small.

An approximation using a taylor series expansion is

$v_{o}={\frac {2\pi a}{T}}\left[1-{\frac {e^{2}}{4}}-{\frac {3e^{4}}{64}}-\dots \right]$

AstOrb Browser computes a velocity using Ramanujan's approximation for an ellipse's circumference:

$v_{o}\approx {\frac {\pi }{T}}\left[3(a+b)-{\sqrt {(3a+b)(a+3b)}}\right]$

Where b is the orbit's semi-minor axis:

$b=a{\sqrt {1-e^{2}}}\,\!$

পৃষ্ঠের অভিকর্ষ

মূল নিবন্ধ: Surface gravity

For a spherical body of mass m, and radius r, the gravitational acceleration at the surface , is given by

$g_{\rm {spherical}}={\frac {GM}{r^{2}}}\,\!$

Where G = 6.6742×১০^−১১ m³s⁻²kg⁻¹ is the Gravitational constant, M is the mass of the body, and r its radius. This value is very approximate, as most minor planets are far from spherical.

For irregularly shaped bodies, the surface gravity will differ appreciably with location. However, at the outermost point/s, where the distance to the centre of mass is the greatest, the surface gravity is still given by a simple formula, a slightly modified version of the above that uses the largest radius $r_{\rm {max}}$

$g_{\rm {outer}}={\frac {GM}{r_{\rm {max}}^{2}}}\,.\!$

because all the body's mass is contained within this radius.

On a rotating body, the apparent weight experienced by an object on the surface is reduced by the centrifugal force, when one is away from the poles. The centrifugal acceleration experienced at the equator is

$g_{\rm {centrifugal}}=-\left({\frac {2\pi }{T}}\right)^{2}r_{\rm {eq}}$

where T is the rotation period in seconds, and $r_{\rm {eq}}$ is the equatorial radius (usually also the maximum radius used above). The negative sign indicates that it acts in the opposite direction to the gravitational acceleration g.

The effective surface gravity at the equator is then

$g_{\rm {effective}}\approx g_{\rm {gravitational}}+g_{\rm {centrifugal}}=g_{\rm {gravitational}}-|g_{\rm {centrifugal}}|\ .$

মুক্তি বেগ

For surface gravity g and radius r, the escape velocity is:

$v_{e}={\sqrt {2gr}}$

This value is much less sensitive to the factors affecting the surface gravity, mentioned above.

তাপমাত্রা

For asteroid albedo α, semimajor axis a, solar luminosity $L_{0}$, and asteroid infrared emissivity ε (usually taken to be ~0.9), the approximate mean temperature T is given by:

$T=\left({\frac {(1-\alpha )L_{0}}{\epsilon \sigma 16\pi a^{2}}}\right)^{\frac {1}{4}}$

Where σ is Stefan-Boltzmann constant. See also Torrence V. Johnson, Paul R. Weissman, Lucy-Ann A. McFadden (২০০৭)। Encyclopedia of the Solar System। Elsevier। পৃষ্ঠা 294। আইএসবিএন 978-0-12-088589-3। উদ্ধৃতি টেমপ্লেট ইংরেজি প্যারামিটার ব্যবহার করেছে (link) উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ: একাধিক নাম: লেখকগণের তালিকা (link) .

মাইক্রোবিন্যাস

The HTML mark up produced by this template includes an hCard microformat, which makes the place-name and location parsable by computers, either acting automatically to catalogue article across Wikipedia, or via a browser tool operated by a person, to (for example) add the subject to an address book. For more information about the use of microformats on Wikipedia, please see the microformat project.

If the place or venue has an "established", "founded", "opened" or similar date, specific to the day, use {{Start date}} (unless the date is before 1583 CE); if it has a URL, use {{URL}}.

hCard uses HTML classes including:

• adr
• category
• country-name
• extended-address
• fn
• label
• locality
• nickname
• note
• org
• street-address
• url
• vcard

Please do not rename or remove these classes; nor collapse nested elements which use them.

তথ্যসূত্র

উপরোক্ত নথিটি টেমপ্লেট:তথ্যছক গ্রহ/নথি থেকে প্রতিলিপ্ত। (সম্পাদনা | ইতিহাস)
ব্যবহারকারীগণ খেলাঘর (তৈরি করুন | আয়না) এবং পরীক্ষা পাতায় (তৈরি করুন) এই টেমপ্লেট সংক্রান্ত পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করতে পারেন।
দয়া করে /নথি উপপাতায় বিষয়শ্রেণী যোগ করুন। এই টেমপ্লেটের উপপাতাসমূহ।