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ব্যবহারকারী:Nafiur14/খেলাঘর

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Early life সম্পাদনা

গেটস ১৯৮৫ সালের ২৮ শে অক্টোবর ওয়াশিংটনের সিয়াটলে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। [১] He is the son of William H. Gates Sr.[ক] (1925–2020) and Mary Maxwell Gates (1929–1994).[২] His ancestry includes English, German, and Irish/Scots-Irish.[৩] His father was a prominent lawyer, and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way of America. Gates's maternal grandfather was J. W. Maxwell, a national bank president. Gates has an older sister Kristi (Kristianne) and a younger sister Libby. He is the fourth of his name in his family but is known as William Gates III or "Trey" (i.e., three) because his father had the "II" suffix.[৪][৫] The family lived in the Sand Point area of Seattle in a home that was damaged by a rare tornado when Gates was seven years old.[৬]

Early in his life, Gates observed that his parents wanted him to pursue a law career.[৭] When he was young, his family regularly attended a church of the Congregational Christian Churches, a Protestant Reformed denomination.[৮][৯][১০] Gates was small for his age and was bullied as a child.[৫] The family encouraged competition; one visitor reported that "it didn't matter whether it was hearts or pickleball or swimming to the dock; there was always a reward for winning and there was always a penalty for losing".[১১]

 
Gates (right) with Paul Allen at Lakeside School in 1970

At 13, he enrolled in the private Lakeside prep school,[১২][১৩] where he wrote his first software program.[১৪] When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers' Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School's rummage sale to buy a Teletype Model 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer time on a General Electric (GE) computer for the students.[১৫] Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC, and he was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine, an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly.[১৬] After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, Gates and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation (CCC) which banned for the summer Gates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland, and Gates's best friend and first business partner Kent Evans, after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.[১৭][৫]

The four students formed the Lakeside Programmers Club to make money.[৫] At the end of the ban, they offered to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for extra computer time. Rather than use the system remotely via Teletype, Gates went to CCC's offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including Fortran, Lisp, and machine language. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970 when the company went out of business.

The following year, a Lakeside teacher enlisted Gates and Evans to automate the school's class-scheduling system, providing them computer time and royalties in return. The duo worked diligently in order to have the program ready for their senior year. Towards the end of their junior year, Evans was killed in a mountain climbing accident, which Gates has described as one of the saddest days of his life. Gates then turned to Allen who helped him finish the system for Lakeside.[৫]

At 17, Gates formed a venture with Allen called Traf-O-Data to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor.[১৮] In 1972, he served as a congressional page in the House of Representatives.[১৯][২০] He was a National Merit Scholar when he graduated from Lakeside School in 1973.[২১] He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT) and enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973.[২২][২৩] He chose a pre-law major but took mathematics and graduate level computer science courses.[২৪] While at Harvard, he met fellow student Steve Ballmer. Gates left Harvard after two years while Ballmer stayed and graduated magna cum laude. Years later, Ballmer succeeded Gates as Microsoft's CEO and maintained that position from 2000 until his resignation in 2014.[২৫][২৬]

Gates devised an algorithm for pancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolved problems[২৭] presented in a combinatorics class by professor Harry Lewis. His solution held the record as the fastest version for over 30 years, and its successor is faster by only 2%.[২৭][২৮] His solution was formalized and published in collaboration with Harvard computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou.[২৯]

Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen and joined him at Honeywell during the summer of 1974.[৩০] In 1975, the MITS Altair 8800 was released based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and Allen saw the opportunity to start their own computer software company.[৩১] Gates dropped out of Harvard that same year. His parents were supportive of him after seeing how much he wanted to start his own company.[৩২] He explained his decision to leave Harvard: "if things hadn't worked out, I could always go back to school. I was officially on leave."[৩৩]

  1. ↑ উদ্ধৃতি ত্রুটি: <ref> ট্যাগ বৈধ নয়; :5 নামের সূত্রটির জন্য কোন লেখা প্রদান করা হয়নি
  2. ↑ "Mary Gates, 64; Helped Her Son Start Microsoft"। The New York Times (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। Associated Press। জুন ১১, ১৯৯৪। আইএসএসএন 0362-4331। সংগ্রহের তারিখ এপ্রিল ৩, ২০২০। 
  3. ↑ "Microsoft founder Bill Gates has Yorkshire roots" The Telegraph" 23 June 2020.
  4. ↑ Manes 1994, পৃ. 15।
  5. ↑ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ Leibovich, Mark (ডিসেম্বর ৩১, ২০০০)। "Alter Egos"। The Washington Post। ডিসেম্বর ২৫, ২০১৬ তারিখে মূল  থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ জুন ২৪, ২০১৯। 
  6. ↑ Lange, Greg; Stein, Alan (ফেব্রুয়ারি ১৪, ১৯৯৯)। "Tornado with 100-m.p.h. winds hits Seattle and Juanita on September 28, 1962."। HistoryLink। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ডিসেম্বর ১৮, ২০১৮। 
  7. ↑ Manes 1994, পৃ. 47।
  8. ↑ Lesinski, Jeanne M (২০০৮)। Bill Gates: Entrepreneur and Philanthropist । Twenty First Century Books। পৃষ্ঠা 12। আইএসবিএন 978-1580135702। সংগ্রহের তারিখ মার্চ ১০, ২০১১। 
  9. ↑ Lowe, Janet (২০০১)। Bill Gates Speaks: Insight from the World's Greatest Entrepreneur। Wiley। আইএসবিএন 978-0471401698। সংগ্রহের তারিখ মার্চ ১০, ২০১১। 
  10. ↑ Berkowitz, Edward D (২০০৬)। Something Happened: A Political and Cultural Overview of the Seventies । Columbia University Press। পৃষ্ঠা 228। আইএসবিএন 978-0231124942। সংগ্রহের তারিখ মার্চ ১০, ২০১১। 
  11. ↑ Cringely, Robert X. (জুন ১৯৯৬)। "Part II"। Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires। 1 মৌসুম। PBS। আগস্ট ১৩, ২০১৭ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। 
  12. ↑ Manes 1994, পৃ. 24।
  13. ↑ Soundaian, S. (জুন ১০, ২০১৯)। New Dimensions of Management (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। MJP Publisher। 
  14. ↑ "Bill Gates | American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist"। Encyclopædia Britannica (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ডিসেম্বর ৭, ২০১৮। 
  15. ↑ Manes 1994, পৃ. 27।
  16. ↑ Gates 1996, পৃ. 12।
  17. ↑ Manes 1994, পৃ. 34।
  18. ↑ Gates 1996, পৃ. 14।
  19. ↑ Michael A. Schuman (২০০৮)। Bill Gates: Computer Mogul and Philanthropist । Enslow Publishers, Inc.। পৃষ্ঠা 34। আইএসবিএন 978-0766026933। 
  20. ↑ Marcie Sims (২০১৮)। Capitol Hill Pages: Young Witnesses to 200 Years of History। McFarland। পৃষ্ঠা 196। আইএসবিএন 978-1476669724। 
  21. ↑ "National Merit Scholarship Corporation – Scholars You May Know"। nationalmerit.org। ফেব্রুয়ারি ২৮, ২০১৬ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ অক্টোবর ২৫, ২০১৫। 
  22. ↑ "The new – and improved? – SAT"। The Week Magazine। মে ১০, ২০০৬ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ মে ২৩, ২০০৬। 
  23. ↑ Gates 1996, পৃ. 15।
  24. ↑ "Timeline: Bill Gates: 1973; from google (bill gates major in harvard) result 3"। অক্টোবর ৫, ২০১৫ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। 
  25. ↑ Michael Hitt; R. Duane Ireland; Robert Hoskisson (২০১২)। Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: Competitiveness and Globalization। পৃষ্ঠা 263। আইএসবিএন 978-1111825874। সেপ্টেম্বর ১৫, ২০১৫ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। সংগ্রহের তারিখ অক্টোবর ২৫, ২০১৫। 
  26. ↑ Mejia, Zameena (এপ্রিল ২৯, ২০১৮)। "The No. 1 thing Bill Gates wishes he'd done in college"। CNBC (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ এপ্রিল ৩, ২০২০। 
  27. ↑ ক খ Kestenbaum, David (জুলাই ৪, ২০০৮)। "Before Microsoft, Gates Solved A Pancake Problem"। National Public Radio। সেপ্টেম্বর ১৯, ২০১১ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। 
  28. ↑ "UT Dallas Team Bests Young Bill Gates With Improved Answer to So-Called Pancake Problem in Mathematics"। University of Texas at Dallas। সেপ্টেম্বর ১৭, ২০০৮। আগস্ট ২৬, ২০১০ তারিখে মূল থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। 
  29. ↑ Gates, William; Papadimitriou, Christos (১৯৭৯)। "Bounds for sorting by prefix reversal"। Discrete Mathematics। 27: 47–57। ডিওআই:10.1016/0012-365X(79)90068-2  । 
  30. ↑ Wallace 1993, পৃ. 59।
  31. ↑ Gates 1996, পৃ. 18।
  32. ↑ Gates 1996, পৃ. 19।
  33. ↑ The History of Microsoft – 1976 ওয়েব্যাক মেশিনে আর্কাইভকৃত ফেব্রুয়ারি ১১, ২০১৭ তারিখে: Bill Gates explaining that his departure from Harvard was reversible if Microsoft had failed.


উদ্ধৃতি ত্রুটি: "lower-alpha" নামক গ্রুপের জন্য <ref> ট্যাগ রয়েছে, কিন্তু এর জন্য কোন সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ <references group="lower-alpha"/> ট্যাগ পাওয়া যায়নি

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