উইকিপিডিয়া

সাহায্য:গাণিতিক সূত্র

টেমপ্লেট:H:h MediaWiki uses a subset of TeX markup, including some extensions from LaTeX and AMSLaTeX, for mathematical formulae. It generates either PNG images or simple HTML markup, depending on user preferences and the complexity of the expression. In the future, as more browsers are smarter, it will be able to generate enhanced HTML or even MathML in many cases. (See blahtex for information about current work on adding MathML support.)

More precisely, MediaWiki filters the markup through Texvc, which in turn passes the commands to TeX for the actual rendering. Thus, only a limited part of the full TeX language is supported; see below for details.

বাক্য গঠন

সম্পাদনা

Math markup goes inside <math> ... </math>. The edit toolbar has a button for this.

Similarly to HTML, in TeX extra spaces and newlines are ignored.

The TeX code has to be put literally: MediaWiki templates, predefined templates, and parameters cannot be used within math tags: pairs of double braces are ignored and "#" gives an error message. However, math tags work in the then and else part of #if, etc. See m:Template:Demo of attempt to use parameters within TeX (backlinks, edit).

প্রত্যর্পণ

সম্পাদনা

The PNG images are black on white (not transparent). These colors, as well as font sizes and types, are independent of browser settings or CSS. Font sizes and types will often deviate from what HTML renders. Vertical alignment with the surrounding text can also be a problem. The css selector of the images is img.tex.

It should be pointed out that most of these shortcomings have been addressed by Maynard Handley, but have not been released yet.

The alt attribute of the PNG images (the text that is displayed if your browser can't display images; Internet Explorer shows it up in the hover box) is the wikitext that produced them, excluding the <math> and </math>.

Apart from function and operator names, as is customary in mathematics for variables, letters are in italics; digits are not. For other text, (like variable labels) to avoid being rendered in italics like variables, use \mbox or \mathrm. For example, <math>\mbox{abc}</math> gives  .

টেক্স এবং এইচটিএমএল-এর পার্থক্য

সম্পাদনা

Before introducing TeX markup for producing special characters, it should be noted that, as this comparison table shows, sometimes similar results can be achieved in HTML (see Help:Special characters).

TeX Syntax (forcing PNG) TeX Rendering HTML Syntax HTML Rendering
<math>\alpha\,</math>   &alpha; α
<math>\sqrt{2}</math>   &radic;2 √2
<math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math>   &radic;(1&minus;''e''&sup2;) √(1−e²)

The use of HTML instead of TeX is still under discussion. The arguments either way can be summarised as follows.

এইচটিএমএলের সমস্যা

সম্পাদনা
  1. In-line HTML formulae always align properly with the rest of the HTML text.
  2. The formula's background, font size and face match the rest of HTML contents and the appearance respects CSS and browser settings.
  3. Pages using HTML will load faster.

টেক্সের সমস্যা

সম্পাদনা
  1. TeX is semantically superior to HTML. In TeX, "<math>x</math>" means "mathematical variable  ", whereas in HTML "x" could mean anything. Information has been irrevocably lost.
  2. TeX has been specifically designed for typesetting formulae, so input is easier and more natural, and output is more aesthetically pleasing.
  3. One consequence of point 1 is that TeX can be transformed into HTML, but not vice-versa. This means that on the server side we can always transform a formula, based on its complexity and location within the text, user preferences, type of browser, etc. Therefore, where possible, all the benefits of HTML can be retained, together with the benefits of TeX. It's true that the current situation is not ideal, but that's not a good reason to drop information/contents. It's more a reason to help improve the situation.
  4. Another consequence of point 1 is that TeX can be converted to MathML for browsers which support it, thus keeping its semantics and allowing it to be renderred vectorally.
  5. When writing in TeX, editors need not worry about whether this or that version of this or that browser supports this or that HTML entity. The burden of these decisions is put on the server. This doesn't hold for HTML formulae, which can easily end up being rendered wrongly or differently from the editor's intentions on a different browser.

ফাংশন, প্রতীক ও গোলকীয় পদসমূহ

সম্পাদনা

Accents/Diacritics

\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}  
\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}  

Standard functions

\sin a \cos b \tan c  
\sec d \csc e \cot f  
\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j  
\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n  
\operatorname{sh}o \operatorname{ch}p \operatorname{th}q  
\operatorname{argsh}r \operatorname{argch}s \operatorname{argth}t  
\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y  
\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g  
\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n  

Modular arithmetic

s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} a \bmod b  

Derivatives

\nabla \partial x dx \dot x \ddot y  

Sets

\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing  
\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq  
\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus  
\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup  

Operators

+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -  
\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot  
\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}  

Logic

\land \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p  
\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And  

Root

\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}  

Relations

\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}  
\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto  

Geometric

\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \| 45^\circ  

Arrows

\leftarrow \gets \rightarrow \to \not\to \leftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow  
\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow  
\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft  
\upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \Leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftarrow  
\Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff) \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft  
\leftrightharpoons \curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright  
\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \nLeftarrow \nleftrightarrow \nRightarrow  
\nLeftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow  

Special

\eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots  
\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top  
\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar  
\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement \diamondsuit  
\heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp  

Unsorted (new stuff)

\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown  
\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge  
\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes  
\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant  
\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq  
\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft  
\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot  
\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq  
\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork  
\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq  
\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid  
\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr  
\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq  
\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq  
\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq  
\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus  
\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq  
\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel  

সাবস্ক্রিপ্ট, সুপারস্ক্রিপ্ট ও যোগজ

সম্পাদনা
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
HTML PNG
Superscript a^2    
Subscript a_2    
Grouping a^{2+2}    
a_{i,j}    
Combining sub & super x_2^3  
Preceding and/or Additional sub & super \sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b  
{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4  
Stacking \overset{\alpha}{\omega}  
\underset{\alpha}{\omega}  
\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}  
\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}  
Derivative (forced PNG) x', y, f', f\!    
Derivative (f in italics may overlap primes in HTML) x', y, f', f    
Derivative (wrong in HTML) x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}    
Derivative (wrong in PNG) x\prime, y\prime\prime    
Derivative dots \dot{x}, \ddot{x}  
Underlines, overlines, vectors \hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c  
\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}  
\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}  
Arrows A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C  
Overbraces \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}  
Underbraces \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}  
Sum \sum_{k=1}^N k^2  
Sum (force \textstyle) \textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2  
Product \prod_{i=1}^N x_i  
Product (force \textstyle) \textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i  
Coproduct \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i  
Coproduct (force \textstyle) \textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i  
Limit \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n  
Limit (force \textstyle) \textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n  
Integral \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx  
Integral (force \textstyle) \textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx  
Double integral \iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy  
Triple integral \iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz  
Quadruple integral \iiiint_{F}^{U} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt  
Path integral \oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy  
Intersections \bigcap_1^{n} p  
Unions \bigcup_1^{k} p  

ভগ্নাংশ, ম্যাটিক্স ও মাল্টিলাইন

সম্পাদনা
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Fractions \frac{2}{4}=0.5  
Small Fractions \tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5  
Large (normal) Fractions \dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5  
Large (nestled) Fractions \cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a  
Binomial coefficients \binom{n}{k}  
Small Binomial coefficients \tbinom{n}{k}  
Large (normal) Binomial coefficients \dbinom{n}{k}  
Matrices 
\begin{matrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{matrix}
   
\begin{vmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{vmatrix}
   
\begin{Vmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v
\end{Vmatrix}
   
\begin{bmatrix}
  0      & \cdots & 0      \\
  \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 
  0      & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}
   
\begin{Bmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v
\end{Bmatrix}
   
\begin{pmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{pmatrix}
   
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
  a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
 
Case distinctions 
f(n) = 
\begin{cases} 
  n/2,  & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\
  3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} 
\end{cases}
  
Multiline equations 
\begin{align}
 f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
      & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
\end{align}
  
\begin{alignat}{2}
 f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
      & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\
\end{alignat}
 
Multiline equations (must define number of colums used ({lcr}) (should not be used unless needed) 
\begin{array}{lcl}
  z        & = & a \\
  f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z  
\end{array}
  
Multiline equations (more) 
\begin{array}{lcr}
  z        & = & a \\
  f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z     
\end{array}
  
Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary 

<math>f(x) \,\!</math>
<math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math>
<math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>

   

Simultaneous equations 
\begin{cases}
    3x + 5y +  z \\
    7x - 2y + 4z \\
   -6x + 3y + 2z 
\end{cases}
  

Alphabets and typefaces

সম্পাদনা
Greek alphabet
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta  
\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu  
\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau  
\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega  
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta  
\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu  
\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau  
\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega  
\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa  
\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi  
Blackboard Bold/Scripts
\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}  
\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M}  
\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}  
\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}  
boldface (vectors)
\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}  
\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M}  
\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}  
\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z}  
\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}  
\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}  
\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}  
\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z}  
\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}  
\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}  
Boldface (greek)
\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}  
\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}  
\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}  
\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}  
\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}  
\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}  
\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}  
\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}  
\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}  
\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}  
Italics
\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G}  
\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M}  
\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T}  
\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z}  
\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g}  
\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m}  
\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t}  
\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z}  
\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}  
\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}  
Roman typeface
\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}  
\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M}  
\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}  
\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z}  
\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}  
\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m}  
\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}  
\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z}  
\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}  
\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}  
Fraktur typeface
\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}  
\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}  
\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}  
\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}  
\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}  
\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}  
\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}  
\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}  
\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4}  
\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}  
Calligraphy/Script
\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}  
\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M}  
\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}  
\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}  
Hebrew
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth  
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
non-italicised characters \mbox{abc}    
mixed italics (bad) \mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}    
mixed italics (good) \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}    
mixed italics (more legible: ~ is a non-breaking space, while "\ " forces a space) \mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even}    

Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars

সম্পাদনা
Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Bad ( \frac{1}{2} )  
Good \left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )  

You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Parentheses \left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )  
Brackets \left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack  
Braces \left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace  
Angle brackets \left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle  
Bars and double bars \left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|  
Floor and ceiling functions: \left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil  
Slashes and backslashes \left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash  
Up, down and up-down arrows \left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow  

Delimiters can be mixed,
as long as \left and \right match

\left [ 0,1 \right )
\left \langle \psi \right |

 
 

Use \left. and \right. if you don't
want a delimiter to appear:		 \left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X  
Size of the delimiters \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ... \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]

 

\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ ... \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle

 

\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| ... \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big|  
\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor ... \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil

 

\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow ... \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow

 

\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow ... \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow

 

\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / ... \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash

 

Spacing

সম্পাদনা

Note that TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
double quad space a \qquad b  
quad space a \quad b  
text space a\ b  
text space without PNG conversion a \mbox{ } b  
large space a\;b  
medium space a\>b [not supported]
small space a\,b  
no space ab  
small negative space a\!b  

Align with normal text flow

সম্পাদনা

Due to the default css 

img.tex { vertical-align: middle; }

an inline expression like   should look good.

If you need to align it otherwise, use <font style="vertical-align:-100%;"><math>...</math></font> and play with the vertical-align argument until you get it right; however, how it looks may depend on the browser and the browser settings.

Also note that if you rely on this workaround, if/when the rendering on the server gets fixed in future releases, as a result of this extra manual offset your formulae will suddenly be aligned incorrectly. So use it sparingly, if at all.

Forced PNG rendering

সম্পাদনা

To force the formula to render as PNG, add \, (small space) at the end of the formula (where it is not rendered). This will force PNG if the user is in "HTML if simple" mode, but not for "HTML if possible" mode (math rendering settings in preferences).

You can also use \,\! (small space and negative space, which cancel out) anywhere inside the math tags. This does force PNG even in "HTML if possible" mode, unlike \,.

This could be useful to keep the rendering of formulae in a proof consistent, for example, or to fix formulae that render incorrectly in HTML (at one time, a^{2+2} rendered with an extra underscore), or to demonstrate how something is rendered when it would normally show up as HTML (as in the examples above).

For instance:

Syntax How it looks rendered
a^{c+2}  
a^{c+2} \,  
a^{\,\!c+2}  
a^{b^{c+2}}   (WRONG with option "HTML if possible or else PNG"!)
a^{b^{c+2}} \,   (WRONG with option "HTML if possible or else PNG"!)
a^{b^{c+2}}\approx 5   (due to " " correctly displayed, no code "\,\!" needed)
a^{b^{\,\!c+2}}  
\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx  


This has been tested with most of the formulae on this page, and seems to work perfectly.

You might want to include a comment in the HTML so people don't "correct" the formula by removing it:

<!-- The \,\! is to keep the formula rendered as PNG instead of HTML. Please don't remove it.-->

Color

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Equations can use color:

  • {\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x}-{\color{OliveGreen}1}
     
  • x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{2a}
     

See here for all named colours supported by LaTeX.

Note that color should not be used as the only way to identify something because color blind people may not be able to distinguish between the two colors. See .

Examples

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Quadratic Polynomial

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>

Quadratic Polynomial (Force PNG Rendering)

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,\!</math>

Quadratic Formula

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>

Tall Parentheses and Fractions

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>2 = \left(
 \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x}
 \right)</math>

 

<math>S_{new} = S_{old} +
 \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2} {2}</math>

Integrals

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>\int_a^x \int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds
 = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math>

Summation

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}
 {3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math>

Differential Equation

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math>

Complex numbers

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>|\bar{z}| = |z|,
 |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n,
 \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math>

Limits

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math>

Integral Equation

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
 \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty
 \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}
 \frac{\partial}{\partial R}
 \left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR</math>

Example

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>\phi_n(\kappa) = 
 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad
 \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math>

Continuation and cases

সম্পাদনা 
 

<math>
 f(x) =
 \begin{cases}
 1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\
 \frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\
 1 - x^2 & 0 < x\le 1
 \end{cases}
 </math>

Prefixed subscript

সম্পাদনা 
 

 <math>{}_pF_q(a_1,...,a_p;c_1,...,c_q;z)
 = \sum_{n=0}^\infty
 \frac{(a_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(c_q)_n}
 \frac{z^n}{n!}</math>

Bug reports

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Discussions, bug reports and feature requests should go to the Wikitech-l mailing list. These can also be filed on Mediazilla under MediaWiki extensions.

আরও দেখুন

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