অ্যালবার্ট হ্রদ (আফ্রিকা): সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য
বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে
Jdebabrata (আলোচনা | অবদান) সম্পাদনা সারাংশ নেই |
Jdebabrata (আলোচনা | অবদান) সম্পাদনা সারাংশ নেই |
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৫০ নং লাইন:
==Animals==
Lake Albert is home to many aquatic and semi-aquatic animals like [[hippopotamus]]es, [[Uganda kob]] antelopes, [[Nile crocodile]]s, [[Nile monitor]]s, [[African softshell turtle]]s, [[Central African mud turtle]]s, [[Williams' mud turtle]]s, various semi-aquatic snakes and various frogs.<ref name=Green2009/> Water birds are numerous and include [[pelican]]s, [[heron]]s and the rare [[shoebill]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Ramsar Sites | url=https://www.ugandawildlife.org/wildlife-a-conservation-2/conservation/ramsar-sites | publisher=ugandawildlife.org | accessdate=21 September 2019 }}</ref>
=== Fish and fishing ===
There are 55 fish species in Lake Albert.<ref name=Wandera2011>{{cite journal| author1=Wandera, S.B. | author2=J.S. Balirwa | year=2010 | title=Fish species diversity and relative abundance in Lake Albert—Uganda | journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management | volume=13 | issue=3 | pages=284–293 | doi=10.1080/14634988.2010.507120 }}</ref> Except for Nile crocodiles, the largest predators in the lake are the [[Nile perch]] (native, unlike in other [[Rift Valley lakes]] where introduced and [[Invasive species|invasive]]), [[Hydrocynus forskahlii|elongate tigerfish]], [[Hydrocynus vittatus|African tigerfish]], [[marbled lungfish]], [[cornish jack]], ''[[Bagrus]] docmak'', [[African sharptooth catfish]] and [[vundu]] catfish.<ref name=Green2009/> Others that support important fisheries are [[Nile tilapia]], [[Labeobarbus bynni|Niger barb]], [[Albert lates]], [[Malapterurus electricus|electric catfish]] and [[giraffe catfish]] that are caught by standard fishing methods,<ref name=Wandera2011/> and the small ''[[Brycinus]] nurse'' and ''[[Engraulicypris bredoi]]'' that mainly are caught by [[Fishing light attractor|light fishing]].<ref>{{cite web | title=The Lake Albert light fishery | url=http://aquaticcommons.org/20316/ | year=2009 | publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (Uganda) | accessdate=21 September 2019 }}</ref> As much as 30% of the fish production in Uganda is from Lake Albert.<ref name=Wandera2011/>
Lake Albert has fewer [[Endemism|endemics]] than the other [[African Great Lakes]].<ref name=Witte2009>{{cite book| author1=Witte, F. | author2=M.J.P. van Oijen | author3=F.A. Sibbing | year=2009 | chapter=Fish Fauna of the Nile | pages=647–676 | editor=H.J. Dumont | title=The Nile | series=Monographiae Biologicae | volume=89 | publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V | isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 }}</ref> Although the Albert Nile–the section of the Nile that leaves Lake Albert—has several rapids in the [[Nimule]] region,<ref name=Dumont2009>{{cite book| author=Dumont, H.J. | year=2009 | chapter=A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources | pages=1–21 | editor=H.J. Dumont | title=The Nile | series=Monographiae Biologicae | volume=89 | publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V | isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6 }}</ref> these have not effectively isolated the lake from the main Nile sections.<ref name=Witte2009/> In contrast, Lake Edward (and ultimately [[Lake George (Uganda)|Lake George]]) is effectively isolated from Lake Albert by the rapids on the Semliki River, while [[Lake Kyoga]] (and ultimately Lake Victoria) is effectively isolated from Lake Albert by the [[Murchison Falls]] on the Victoria Nile.<ref name=Witte2009/><ref name=Dumont2009/> As a consequence, most of Lake Albert's fish are widespread riverine species also found in the main Nile sections. There are few [[haplochromine]] cichlids; a group that is very diverse in other Rift Valley lakes. Of the six haplochromines in Lake Albert, four are endemic (''[[Haplochromis albertianus]]'', ''[[Haplochromis avium|H. avium]]'', ''[[Haplochromis bullatus|H. bullatus]]'' and ''[[Haplochromis mahagiensis|H. mahagiensis]]'') and two are also found in the Nile (''[[Haplochromis loati|H. loati]]'' and ''[[Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor]]''). In comparison, most of the more than 60 haplochromines in Lake Edward–George and most of the roughly 600 haplochromines in Lake Victoria–Kyoga are endemic.<ref name=Witte2009/> The only other endemic fish species in Lake Albert are the small cyprinid ''Engraulicypris bredoi'' and the endangered Albert lates.<ref name=Witte2009/>
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