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অ্যাংলো-স্যাক্সন পৌত্তলিকতাবাদ: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

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নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{কাজ চলছে}} File:Franks Casket vorne links.jpg|right|thumb|225px|খ্রিস্টীয় সপ্তম শতাব্দীর এই [...
 
১১ নং লাইন:
==সংজ্ঞা==
[[File:England green top.svg|280px|thumbnail|right|ব্রিটেনের রাজনৈতিক মানচিত্র, আনুমানিক ৬৫০ খ্রিস্টাব্দ (নামগুলি আধুনিক ইংরেজিতে প্রদত্ত)]]
 
== তথ্যসূত্র ==
===পাদটীকা===
{{Reflist|25em}}
 
===সূত্রনির্দেশিকা===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
: {{cite contribution |last=Adams |first=Noël |year=2015 |contribution=Between Myth and Reality: Hunter and Prey in Early Anglo-Saxon Art |title=Representing Beasts in Early Medieval England and Scandinavia |editor1=Michael D. J. Bintley |editor2=Thomas T. J. Williams |publisher=Boydell |location=Woodbridge |pages=13–52 |isbn=978-1783270088 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Arnold |first=C. J. |year=1997 |title=An Archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms |edition=new |publisher=Routledge |location=London and New York |isbn=9780415156363 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Bintley |first=Michael D. J. |year=2015 |title=Trees in the Religions of Early Medieval England |publisher=Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge |isbn=978-1-84383-989-7 |series=Anglo-Saxon Studies 26 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Blair |first=John |title=Anglo-Saxon Pagan Shrines and their Prototypes |journal=Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History |volume=8 |year=1995 |pages=1–28 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Blair |first=John |author-mask={{long dash}} |title=The Anglo-Saxon Age: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2000 |isbn=9780192854032 |ref=harv |url=https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonagever00blai }}
 
: {{cite book |last=Blair |first=John |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=2005 |title=The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0199211173 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Blair |first=John |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=2011 |contribution=The Archaeology of Religion |title=The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology |editor1=Helena Hamerow |editor2=David A. Hinton |editor3=Sally Crawford |pages=727–741 |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199212149 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Blair |first=John |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=2013 |contribution=Holy Beams: Anglo-Saxon Cult Sites and the Place-Name Element ''Bēam'' |title=Trees and Timber in the Anglo-Saxon World |editor1=Michael D. J. Bintley |editor2=Michael G. Shapland |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=186–210 |isbn=978-0-19-968079-5 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last1=Bosworth |first1=Joseph |last2=Toller |first2=T. Northcote |title=An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Based on the Manuscript Collections of Joseph Bosworth |year=1882 |location=Oxford | publisher=Clarendon |oclc=185871468 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Branston |first=Brian |title=The Lost Gods of England |year=1957 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Carver |first=Martin |contribution=Agency, Intellect and the Archaeological Agenda |year=2010 |title=Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited |editor1=Martin Carver |editor2=Alex Sanmark |editor3=Sarah Semple |location=Oxford and Oakville |publisher=Oxbow Books |pages=1–20 |isbn=978-1-84217-395-4 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |contribution=Preface |last1=Carver |first1=Martin |last2=Sanmark |first2=Alex |last3=Semple |first3=Sarah |year=2010 |title=Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited |editor1=Martin Carver |editor2=Alex Sanmark |editor3=Sarah Semplelocation=Oxford and Oakville |publisher=Oxbow Books |pages=ix–x |isbn=978-1-84217-395-4 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Campbell |first=James |contribution=Some Considerations on Religion in Early England |year=2007 |title=Collectanea Antiqua: Essays in Memory of Sonia Chadwick Hawkes |isbn=978-1-4073-0108-2 |publisher=British Archaeological Reports |location=Oxford |editor1=Martin Henig |editor2=Tyler Jo Smith |pages=67–73 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Cusack |first=Carole M. |title=Conversion among the Germanic Peoples |publisher=Cassell |location=London and New York |year=1998 |isbn=978-0304701551 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Doyle White |first=Ethan |title=The Goddess Frig: Reassessing an Anglo-Saxon Deity |year=2014 |journal=Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=284–310 |jstor=10.5325/preternature.3.2.0284 |ref=harv |doi=10.5325/preternature.3.2.0284}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Dunn |first=Marilyn |year=2009 |title=The Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons c.597–c.700: Discourses of Life, Death and Afterlife |location=London and New York |publisher=Continuum |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Ellis Davidson |first=Hilda |contribution=Human Sacrifice in the Late Pagan Period in North Western Europe |title=The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe |editor=Martin Carver |publisher=Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge |year=1992 |pages=331–340 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Fell |first=C. E. |contribution=Paganism in ''Beowulf'': A Semantic Fairy-Tale |title=Pagans and Christians: The Interplay Between Christian Latin and Traditional Germanic Cultures in Early Medieval Europe |editor1=T. Hofstra |editor2=L. A. J. R. Houwen |editor3=A. A. MacDonald |publisher=Egbert Forsten |location=Groningen |pages=9–34 |year=1995 |isbn=9069800764 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |first=Margaret |last=Gelling |title=Place-Names and Anglo-Saxon Paganism |journal=University of Birmingham Historical Journal |volume=8 |year=1961 |pages=7–25 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |title=Looking for the Lost Gods of England |last=Herbert |first=Kathleen |year=1994 |publisher=Anglo-Saxon Books |location=Hockwold-cum-Wilton |isbn=1-898281-04-1 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Hooke |first=Della |title=Trees in Anglo-Saxon England |year=2010 |location=Woodbridge |publisher=Boydell |isbn=9781843835653 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |title=The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy |last=Hutton |first=Ronald |year=1991 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford and Cambridge |isbn=978-0-631-17288-8 |ref=harv |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780631172888 }}
 
: {{cite book |title=Pagan Britain |last=Hutton |first=Ronald |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=2013 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven and London |isbn=978-0-300-197716 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Jesch |first=Judith |year=2004 |contribution=Scandinavians and 'Cultural Paganism' in Late Anglo-Saxon England |title=The Christian Tradition in Anglo-Saxon England: Approaches to Current Scholarship and Teaching |location=Cambridge |publisher=D. S. Brewer |editor=Paul Cavill |pages=55–68 |isbn=978-0859918411 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Jesch |first=Judith |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=2011 |contribution=The Norse Gods in England and the Isle of Man |title=Myths, Legends, and Heroes: Essays on Old Norse and Old English Literature |editor=Daniel Anlezark |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |pages=11–24 |isbn=978-0802099471 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Jolly |first=Karen Louise |title=Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context |location=Chapel Hill |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0807845653 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Meaney |first=Audrey |title=Woden in England: A Reconsideration of the Evidence |journal=Folklore |volume=77 |issue=2 |year=1966 |pages=105–115 |jstor=1258536 |ref=harv |doi=10.1080/0015587x.1966.9717037}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Meaney |first=Audrey |author-mask={{long dash}} |title=Æthelweard, Ælfric, the Norse Gods and Northumbria |journal=Journal of Religious History |volume=6 |issue=2 |year=1970 |pages=105–132 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9809.1970.tb00557.x |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Meaney |first=Audrey |author-mask={{long dash}} |title=Pagan English Sanctuaries, Place-Names and Hundred Meeting-Places |journal=Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History |volume=8 |year=1995 |pages=29–42 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite encyclopedia |last=Meaney |first=Audrey |author-mask={{long dash}} |contribution=Paganism |title=The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England |year=1999 |pages=351–352 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford and Malden |editor1=Michael Lapidge |editor2=John Blair |editor3=Simon Keynes |editor4=Donald Scragg |isbn=978-0631155652 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=North |first=Richard |title=Heathen Gods in Old English Literature |year=1997 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521551830 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Owen |first=Gale R. |title=Rites and Religions of the Anglo-Saxons |year=1985 |publisher=Dorset Press |location=Not specified |isbn=978-0715377598 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Page |first=R. I. |contribution=Anglo-Saxon Paganism: The Evidence of Bede |title=Pagans and Christians: The Interplay Between Christian Latin and Traditional Germanic Cultures in Early Medieval Europe |editor1=T. Hofstra |editor2=L. A. J. R. Houwen |editor3=A. A. MacDonald |publisher=Egbert Forsten |location=Groningen |pages=99–129 |year=1995 |isbn=9069800764 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Pestell |first=Tim |contribution=Paganism in Early-Anglo-Saxon East Anglia |title=Art, Faith and Place in East Anglia: From Prehistory to the Present |editor1=T. A. Heslop |editor2=Elizabeth Mellings |editor3=Margit Thøfner |location= |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |year=2012 |isbn= |pages=66–87 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Pluskowski |first=Aleks |year=2011 |contribution=The Archaeology of Paganism |title=The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology |editor1=Helena Hamerow |editor2=David A. Hinton |editor3=Sally Crawford |pages=764–778 |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199212149 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Pollington |first=Stephen |title=The Elder Gods: The Otherworld of Early England |year=2011 |publisher= Anglo-Saxon Books |location=Little Downham, Cambs. |isbn=978-1-898281-64-1 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |chapter=Heathen Songs and Devil's Games |last=Price |first=Neil |year=2010 |title=Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited |editor1=Martin Carver |editor2=Alex Sanmark |editor3=Sarah Semple |location=Oxford and Oakville |publisher=Oxbow Books |pages=xiii–xvi |isbn=978-1-84217-395-4 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Reynolds |first=Andrew |title=Anglo-Saxon human sacrifice at Cuddesdon and Sutton Hoo? |journal=Papers from the Institute of Archaeology |volume=7 |year=1996 |pages=23–30 |doi=10.5334/pia.97 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Reynolds |first=Andrew |author-mask={{long dash}} |contribution=Burials, Boundaries and Charters in Anglo-Saxon England: A Reassessment |title=Burial in Early Medieval England and Wales |editor1=Sam Lucy |editor2=Andrew Reynolds |series=The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph Series 17 |location=London |publisher=The Society for Medieval Archaeology |year=2002 |pages=171–194 |isbn=978-1902653655 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Ryan |first=J. S. |year=1963 |title=Othin in England: Evidence from the Poetry for a Cult of Woden in Anglo-Saxon England |journal=Folklore |volume=74 |number=3 |pages=460–480 |jstor=i253798 |ref=harv|doi=10.1080/0015587X.1963.9716920 }}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Semple |first=Sarah |year=1998 |title=A Fear of the Past: The Place of the Prehistoric Burial Mound in the Ideology of Middle and Later Anglo-Saxon England |journal=World Archaeology |volume=30 |number=1 |pages=109–126 |ref=harv |doi=10.1080/00438243.1998.9980400}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Semple |first=Sarah |year=2007 |author-mask={{long dash}} |title=Defining the OE ''hearg'': A preliminary archaeological and topographic examination of ''hearg'' place names and their hinterlands |journal=Early Medieval Europe |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=364–385 |ref=harv |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0254.2007.00212.x}}
 
: {{cite book |chapter=In the Open Air |last=Semple |first=Sarah |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=2010 |title=Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited |editor1=Martin Carver |editor2=Alex Sanmark |editor3=Sarah Semple |location=Oxford and Oakville |publisher=Oxbow Books |pages=21–48 |isbn=978-1-84217-395-4 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite thesis |last=Shaw |first=Philip A. |title=Uses of Wodan: The Development of his Cult and of Medieval Literary Responses to It |year=2002 |type=Doctoral thesis |publisher=University of Leeds |url=http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/393/1/uk_bl_ethos_270854.pdf |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Shaw |first=Philip A. |author-mask={{long dash}} |title=Pagan Goddesses in the Early Germanic World: Eostre, Hreda and the Cult of Matrons |publisher=Bristol Classical Press |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=9780715637975 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Simpson |first=Jacqueline |title=Some Scandinavian Sacrifices |year=1967 |journal=Folklore |volume=78 |issue=3 |pages=190–202 |jstor=1258184 |ref=harv |doi=10.1080/0015587x.1967.9717093}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Stanley |first=Eric Gerald |title=Imagining the Anglo-Saxon Past: The Search for Anglo-Saxon Paganism and Anglo-Saxon Trial by Jury |year=2000 |location=Cambridge |publisher=D. S Brewer |isbn=978-0859915885 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite journal |last=Stenton |first=F. M. |title=The Historical Bearing of Place-Name Studies: Anglo-Saxon Heathenism |journal=Transactions of the Royal Historical Society |volume=23 |year=1941 |pages=1–24 |jstor=3678653 |ref=harv |doi=10.2307/3678653}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Stenton |first=Frank |author-mask={{long dash}} |year=1971 |title=Anglo-Saxon England |edition=third |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=0-19-821716-1 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Tolley |first=Clive |year=2013 |contribution=What is a 'World Tree', and Should We Expect to Find One Growing in Anglo-Saxon England? |title=Trees and Timber in the Anglo-Saxon World |editor1=Michael D. J. Bintley |editor2=Michael G. Shapland |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |pages=177–185 |isbn=978-0-19-968079-5 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Welch |first=Martin |year=2011 |contribution=Pre-Christian Practices in the Anglo-Saxon World |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion |editor=Timothy Insoll |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=863–876 |isbn=978-0-19-923244-4 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=David |title=Anglo-Saxon Paganism |year=1992 |publisher=Routledge |location=London and New York |isbn=0-415-01897-8 |ref=harv}}
 
: {{cite contribution |last=Wood |first=Ian N. |contribution=Pagan Religions and Superstitions East of the Rhine from the Fifth to the Ninth Century |title=After Empire: Towards an Ethnology of Europe's Barbarians |editor=G. Ausenda |pages=253–279 |location=Woodbridge |publisher=Boydell |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-85115-853-2 |ref=harv}}
 
:{{cite book |chapter= Bede, ''Beowulf'' and the Conversion of the Anglo-Saxon Aristocracy |last=Wormald |first=Patrick |year=1978 |title=Bede and Anglo-Saxon England |editor=R. T. Farrell |series=British Archaeological Reports, British Series |volume=46 |location=Oxford |pages=39–90 |ref=harv}}
{{Refend}}
 
;ঐতিহাসিক সাহিত্য
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title= Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum ''(''Ecclesiastical History of the English People'')'' |last= [[Bede]] |year= c. 731 |publisher= |location= |isbn= |nopp=|ref=Bede31}}
{{refend}}
 
;গ্রন্থাবলি
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title= Remains of Pagan Saxondom |authorlink=John Yonge Akerman |last=Ackerman |first=John Yonge |year= 1855 |publisher= John Russel Smith |location= London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18IOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |isbn= |nopp=|ref=Ack85}}
* {{cite journal |title= Forty Years in a Moorland Parish |journal= Nature |volume= 44 |issue= 1128 |pages= 122–123 |last= Atkinson |first=John C. |authorlink=John Christopher Atkinson |year= 1891 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igshAAAAMAAJ |nopp=|ref=Atk91|bibcode= 1891Natur..44..122. |doi= 10.1038/044122a0 |hdl= 2027/uc1.b3742054 }}
* {{cite book |title= The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity |last= Chaney |first=William A. |year= 1970 |publisher= University of California Press |location= California |isbn= |nopp=|ref=Cha70}}
* {{cite book |title= Gods and Worshippers in the Viking and Germanic World |last= Ewing |first=Thor |year= 2008 |publisher= Tempus |location= |isbn=978-0-7524-3590-9 |nopp=|ref=Ewi08}}
* {{cite book |title= Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Magic |authorlink=Bill Griffiths |last=Griffiths |first=Bill |year= 1996 |publisher= Anglo-Saxon Books |location= |isbn=1-898281-33-5|nopp=|ref=Gri46}}
* {{cite book |title= The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain |authorlink=Ronald Hutton |last=Hutton |first=Ronald |year= 1996 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= New York |isbn=|nopp=|ref=Hut96}}
* {{cite book |title= A History of Pagan Europe |last= Jones |first=Prudence |authorlink2=Nigel Pennick |last2=Pennick |first2=Nigel |year= 1995 |publisher= Routledge |location= London and New York |isbn=0-415-09136-5|nopp=|ref=Jon95}}
* {{cite book |last=Macleod |first=Mindy |last2=Mees |first2=Bernard |year=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=hx7UigqsTKoC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false |title=Runic Amulets and Magic Objects |publisher=Boydell Press |isbn=1-84383-205-4}}
* {{cite book |title= The Saxons in England Vol. I |authorlink=John Mitchell Kemble |last=Kemble |first=John |year= 1849 |publisher= |location= London |isbn=|nopp=|ref=Kem49}}
{{refend}}
 
;গবেষণামূলক নিবন্ধ
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |title= Votive Deposition, Religion and the Anglo-Saxon Furnished Burial Ritual |last= Crawford |first=Sally |year= 2004 |journal= World Archaeology |volume=36 |number=1 |pages=87–102 |ref=Cra04 |doi=10.1080/0043824042000192641}}
* {{cite book |last=Halsall |first=Guy |year=1989 |chapter=Anthropology and the Study of Pre-Conquest Warfare and Society: The Ritual War in Anglo-Saxon England |editor=Hawkes |title=Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England}}
* {{cite book |chapter= Bede, ''Bretwaldas'' and the Origins of the ''Gens Anglorum'' |authorlink=Patrick Wormald |last=Wormald |first=Patrick |year= 1983 |title=Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society |editor-last=Wormald |editor-first=Patrick |publisher=Oxford |ref=Wor83}}
{{refend}}
 
{{অ্যাংলো-স্যাক্সন পৌত্তলিকতাবাদ|open}}
{{Anglo-Saxon Metrical Charms}}
{{Magic and Witchcraft in the British Isles}}
{{জার্মানীয় জাতি}}
{{পৌত্তলিকতাবাদ|collapsed}}
 
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[[Category:অ্যাংলো-স্যাক্সন ইংল্যান্ড]]
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