বাশকোরতোস্তান: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য
বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে
Shuaib Anik (আলোচনা | অবদান) →অর্থনীতি: অনুবাদ |
Shuaib Anik (আলোচনা | অবদান) |
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৬৭৪ নং লাইন:
বিঃদ্রঃ মোট উর্বরতার হার ২০০৯-১২ সূত্র।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312|title=Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики|publisher=|accessdate=January 24, 2016}}</ref><br />
<!--*'''Average life expectancy''': no data-->
=== জাতিসমুহ ===
২০১০ সালের আদমশুমারি অনুযায়ী বাশকোরতোস্তানের জাতিগত গঠন নিম্নরূপঃ<ref name="2010Census" />
*[[Russians|রুশ]] ৩৬.১%
*[[বাশকির]] ২৯.৫%
*[[Volga Tatars|তাতার]] ২৫.৪%
*[[Chuvash people|চুভাশ]] ২.৭%
*[[Mari people।|মারি]] ২.৬%
*[[Ukrainians|ইউক্রেনিয়]] ১%
*[[Mordovians|মরডোভিয়ান]] ০.৫%
*[[উডমুর]] ০.৫%
*[[বেলারুশীয়]] ০.৩%
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | জাতি<br />সমূহ
! colspan="2" | 1926 Census
! colspan="2" | 1939 Census
! colspan="2" | 1959 Census
! colspan="2" | 1970 Census
! colspan="2" | 1979 Census
! colspan="2" | 1989 Census
! colspan="2" | 2002 Census
! colspan="2" | 2010 Census<sup>1</sup>
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| align="left"| বাশকির
| 625,845
|23.5%
| 671,188
|21.2%
| 737,744
|22.1%
| 892,248
|23.4%
| 935,880
|24.3%
| 863,808
|21.9%
| 1,221,302
|29.8%
| 1,172,287
|29.5%
|-
| align="left"| রুশ
| 1,064,707
|39.9%
| 1,281,347
|40.6%
| 1,418,147
|42.4%
| 1,546,304
|40.5%
| 1,547,893
|40.3%
| 1,548,291
|39.3%
| 1,490,715
|36.3%
| 1,432,906
|36.1%
|-
|align="left"| তাতার
| 461,871
|17.3%
| 777,230
|24.6%
| 768,566
|23.0%
| 944,505
|24.7%
| 940,436
|24.5%
| 1,120,702
|28.4%
| 990,702
|24.1%
| 1,009,295
|25.4%
|-
|align="left"| চুভাশ
| 84,886
|3.2%
| 106,892
|3.4%
| 109,970
|3.3%
| 126,638
|3.3%
| 122,344
|3.2%
| 118,509
|3.0%
| 117,317
|2.9%
| 107,450
|2.7%
|-
|align="left"| মারি
| 79,298
|3.0%
| 90,163
|2.9%
| 93,902
|2.8%
| 109,638
|2.9%
| 106,793
|2.8%
| 105,768
|2.7%
| 105,829
|2.6%
| 103,658
|2.6%
|-
|align="left"| ইউক্রেনীয়
| 76,710
|2.9%
| 99,289
|3.1%
| 83,594
|2.5%
| 76,005
|2.0%
| 75,571
|2.0%
| 74,990
|1.9%
| 55,249
|1.3%
| 39,875
|1.0%
|-
|align="left"| অন্যান্য
| 272,519
|10.2%
| 132,860
|4.2%
| 129,686
|3.9%
| 122,737
|3.2%
| 115,363
|3.0%
| 111,045
|2.8%
| 118,856
|2.9%
| 109,249
|2.7%
|-
| align="left" colspan="17"| <sup>1</sup> <small>97,572 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936|title=ВПН-2010|publisher=|accessdate=January 24, 2016}}</ref>
|}
=== ভাষাসমূহ ===
২০১০ সালের শুমারি অনুযায়ী বাশকোরতোস্তানের কথিত ভাষাসমূহ হলোঃ [[Russian language|রুশ ভাষা]] (৯৭%), [[Tatar language|তাতার ভাষা]] (২৬%), [[Bashkir language|বাশকির ভাষা]] (২৩%).<ref>Russian Census 2002. [http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_06.xls {{lang|ru|6. Владение языками (кроме русского) населением отдельных национальностей по республикам, автономной области и автономным округам Российской Федерации}}] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104083616/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_06.xls |date=November 4, 2006 }}(''Knowledge of languages other than Russian by the population of republics, autonomous oblast and autonomous districts''){{ru icon}}</ref>
=== ধর্ম ===
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Bashkortostan as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.</ref><ref name="2012Arena-religion-maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].</ref>
|float=right
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]]|DarkOrchid|25.2}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]|MediumOrchid|1.1}}
{{Bar percent|[[Old Believers]]|Purple|0.5}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Christianity in Russia|Christians]]|DeepSkyBlue|3}}
{{Bar percent|[[Islam in Russia|Islam]]|Green|38.6}}
{{Bar percent|[[Rodnovery]] and other native faiths|Red|2.4}}
{{Bar percent|[[Spiritual but not religious]]|DarkSlateGray|14.7}}
{{Bar percent|[[Atheism]] and [[irreligion]]|Black|7.6}}
{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|6.9}}
}}
[[File:Суфия2.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Sufiya Mosque near [[Salavat, Russia|Salavat]].]]
[[Islam]] is adhered to by a [[plurality (voting)|plurality]] of the nation's population<ref>{{cite web|url=http://islamonline.com/news/articles/14/Bashkortostan-ripe-for-investment-Khamitov.html|title=islamonline.com|publisher=|accessdate=January 24, 2016}}</ref> of [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] and [[Tatar]] descent. The [[Muslim]]s of Bashkortostan follow [[Sunni]] [[Hanafi]] school of [[fiqh|Islamic law]].
Most ethnic Russians, Chuvash, and Ukrainians are [[Orthodox Christian]]s. Most Mari are [[Pagan]]. Non-religious people form a substantial part of any ethnic group in Bashkortostan. There are 13,000 [[Jew]]s in the republic, with a historic [[synagogue]] in [[Ufa]], and a new Jewish Community Center built in 2008.<ref>"Bashkortostan Jews Centered", ''[[Dateline World Jewry]]'', [[World Jewish Congress]], July/August 2008</ref>
According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people,<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/> 38% of the population of Bashkortostan are [[Muslim]], 25% adhere to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], 3% are [[nondenominational Christianity|unaffiliated]] generic [[Christians]], 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or members of other [[Orthodox church]]es, and 2% are adherents of the [[Slavic native faith]] (Rodnovery), the [[Mari native religion]], Chuvash [[Vattisen Yaly]] or [[Tengrism]]. In addition, 15% of the population declare to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% are [[atheism|atheist]], and 7% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/> Note, however, that this survey has been criticized as biased. It was conducted by the service "Sreda", which has ties to the Christian organizations.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Социологические опросы "Среды", или кто заказывает "магию цифр"?!|author=|url=http://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2012/09/06/sociologicheskie_oprosy_sredy_ili_kto_zakazyvaet_magiyu_cifr/|work=Русская народная линия. Информационно-аналитическая служба|date=6 September 2012}}</ref>
In 2010, there were over 1,000 mosques in Bashkortostan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interfax-religion.ru/?act=news&div=38780|title=Интерфакс-Религия: Говорить о притеснении ислама в России кощунственно, считает Талгат Таджуддин|publisher=|accessdate=January 24, 2016}}</ref> 200 Orthodox churches and 60 religious buildings of other confessions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dumrb.ru/?part_id=44&news_id=305|title=25.08.2010 :: События :: Духовное управление мусульман Республики Башкортостан - Официальный сайт|publisher=|accessdate=January 24, 2016}}</ref>
{{clear}}
== খেলাধুলা ==
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