অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক তালিকা: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য
বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে
তথ্যসুত্র সংযোগ |
তথ্যসংযোগ ও সংশোধন |
||
১ নং লাইন:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ শ্রেনী অনুসারে অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক
|-
! ঔষধ নাম !! ব্রান্ড নাম !! সাধারন ব্যবহার<ref name="merck">For common Uses and possible side effects reference is: Robert Berkow (ed.) ''[[Merck Manual|The Merck Manual of Medical Information - Home Edition]]''. Pocket (September 1999), ISBN 0-671-02727-1.</ref> !! সম্ভাব্য পার্শ্বপ্রতিক্রিয়া<ref name="merck"/> !! কার্যপ্রনালী
|-
! colspan="5" | [[অ্যামাইনোগ্লাইকোসাইড]]সমূহ
|-
| [[অ্যামিকাসিন]] || [[অ্যামিকিন]] || rowspan="7" | Infections caused by [[গ্রাম নেগেটিভ ব্যাক্টেরিয়া]], যেমন ''[[এশেরেশিয়া কোলাই]]'' এবং ''[[ক্লেবসিয়েলা]]'' বিশেষ করে ''[[সিউডোমোনাস এরুজিনোসা]]'' দ্বারা সংক্রমন. বায়বীয় ব্যাক্টেরিয়ার (অবলিগেট নয়/ফ্যাকাল্টেটিভ অবায়বীয়) এবং [[টুলারেমিয়া|টুলারেমিয়ার]] বিরুদ্ধে কার্যকরী।
| rowspan="7" |
*[[অটোটক্সিসিটি|শ্রবণশক্তিহীনতা]]
*[[ভার্টিগো (চিকিতসাবিজ্ঞান)|মাথাঘোরা]]
*[[নেফ্রোটক্সিসিটি|বৃক্কজনিত সমস্যা]]
| rowspan="7" | ব্যাক্টেরিয়ার [[রাইবোসম|রাইবোসমের]] [[৩০ এস]] সাবইউনিট এর সাথে আবদ্ধ হয়ে (কেউ কেউ [[৫০ এস]] সাবইউনিটের সাথে আবদ্ধ হয়ে কাজ করে),এ-সাইট থেকে পি-সাইটে পেপটাইডিল টি-আরএনএ এর [[ট্রান্সলোকেশন]] বাধাগ্রস্ত করে এবং এছাড়াও এম-আরএনএ এর ভুল-পঠন করে ফলে ব্যক্টেরিয়াটি তার বৃদ্ধির জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় প্রোটিন তৈরিতে ব্যার্থ হয়।
|-
|[[জেনটামাইসিন]] || [[গারামাইসিন]]
|-
|[[কানামাইসিন]] || [[কান্ট্রেক্স]]
|-
|[[নিওমাইসিন]] || মাইসিফ্রাডিন
|-
|[[নেটিলমাইসিন]] || [[নেট্রোমাইসিন]]
|-
|[[টোবরামাইসিন]] || [[নেবসিন]]
|-
|[[প্যারোমোমাইসিন]] || [[হিউমাটিন]]
|-
|-
! colspan="5" | [[অ্যানসামাইসিন]]সমূহ
|-
|[[জেলডানামাইসিন]] || || rowspan="2" | [[টিউমাররোধী অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক]] হিসাবে পরীক্ষামূলক
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|[[হেরবিমাইসিন]] ||
|-
!colspan="5" | [[কার্বাসেফেম]]
|-
|[[লোরাকার্বেফ]] || [[লোরাবিড]] || পরিত্যাজ্য || || কোষ প্রাচীর সৃষ্টিতে বাধাদানের মাধ্যমে ব্যাক্টেরিয়ার কোষ বিভাজন প্রতিরোধ করে।
|-
!colspan="5" | [[কার্বাপেনেম]]সমূহ
|-
|[[এরটাপেনেম]] || [[ইনভানয]] || rowspan="4" | গ্রাম পজিটিভ এবং নেগেটিভ উভয়ের জন্যই ব্যাক্টেরিয়া হন্তারক এবং এম্পেরিক বিস্তৃত আওতার অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক হিসাবে ব্যবহারযোগ্য. (Note MRSA resistance to this class.)
| rowspan="4" |
*পেটের পীড়া এবং ডায়রিয়া
*বমিভাব
*খিচুনি
*মাথাব্যাথা
*র্যাশ এবং অ্যালার্জি
| rowspan="4" | কোষ প্রাচীর তৈরিতে বাধাদান করে।
|-
|[[ডোরিপেনেম]] || [[ডোরিবাক্স]]
|-
|[[ইমিপেনেম]]/[[সিলাস্টাটিন]] || [[প্রাইমাক্সিন]]
|-
|[[মেরোপেনেম]] || [[মেরেম]]
|-
!colspan="5" | [[সেফালোস্পোরিন]]সমূহ ([[সেফালোস্পোরিন#প্রথম প্রজন্ম|প্রথম প্রজন্ম]])
|-
|[[সেফাড্রক্সিল]] || [[ডুরিসেফ]] || rowspan="4" | Good coverage against Gram positive infections.
| rowspan="4" |
*Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
*Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)
*Allergic reactions
| rowspan="4" | Same mode of action as other [[beta-lactam antibiotic]]s: disrupt the synthesis of the [[peptidoglycan]] layer of bacterial [[cell wall]]s.
|-
|[[সেফাজোলিন]] || [[অ্যানসেফ]]
|-
|[[সেফালোথিন]] || [[কেফলিন]]
|-
|[[সেফালেক্সিন]] || [[কেফলেক্স]]
|-
!colspan="5" | ([[সেফালোস্পোরিন]]সমূহ ([[সেফালোস্পোরিন#দ্বিতীয় প্রজন্ম|দ্বিতীয় প্রজন্ম]])
|-
|[[সেফাক্লোর]] || [[সেক্লোর]] || rowspan="5" | Less gram positive cover, improved gram negative cover. || rowspan="5" |
* Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
* Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)
* Allergic reactions
| rowspan="5" | Same mode of action as other [[beta-lactam antibiotic]]s: disrupt the synthesis of the [[peptidoglycan]] layer of bacterial [[cell wall]]s.
|-
|[[সেফাম্যানডোল]] || [[ম্যানডোল]]
|-
|[[সেফক্সিটিন]] || [[মেফক্সিন]]
|-
|[[সেফপ্রজিল]] || [[সেফজিল]]
|-
|[[সেফুরোক্সিম]] || [[সেফটিন, জিন্নাট]]
|-
!colspan="5" | ([[সেফালোস্পোরিন]]সমূহ ([[সেফালোস্পোরিন#তৃতীয় প্রজন্ম|তৃতীয় প্রজন্ম]])
|-
|[[সেফিক্সিম]] || [[সুপ্রাক্স]] || rowspan="10" | Improved coverage of Gram negative organisms, except [[Pseudomonas]]. Reduced Gram positive cover. || rowspan="10" |
* Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
* Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)
* Allergic reactions
| rowspan="10" | Same mode of action as other [[beta-lactam antibiotic]]s: disrupt the synthesis of the [[peptidoglycan]] layer of bacterial [[cell wall]]s.
|-
|[[সেফডিনির]] || [[অমনিসেফ]], সেফডিয়েল
|-
|[[সেফডিটোরেব]] || [[স্পেক্ট্রাসেফ]]
|-
|[[সেফোপেরাজোন]] || [[সেফোবিড]]
|-
|[[Cefotaxime]] || [[Claforan]]
|-
|[[Cefpodoxime]] || [[Vantin]]
|-
|[[Ceftazidime]] || [[Fortaz]]
|-
|[[Ceftibuten]] || [[Cedax]]
|-
|[[Ceftizoxime]] || Cefizox
|-
|[[Ceftriaxone]] || [[Rocephin]]
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Cephalosporin]]s ([[Cephalosporins#Fourth generation|Fourth generation]])
|-
|[[Cefepime]] || [[Maxipime]]
||
Covers pseudomonal infections.
||
* Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
* Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)
* Allergic reactions
| Same mode of action as other [[beta-lactam antibiotic]]s: disrupt the synthesis of the [[peptidoglycan]] layer of bacterial [[cell wall]]s.
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Cephalosporin]]s ([[Cephalosporins#Fifth generation|Fifth generation]])
|-
|[[Ceftobiprole]] || [[Zeftera]] || Used to treat MRSA ||
* Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
* Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently)
* Allergic reactions
| Same mode of action as other [[beta-lactam antibiotic]]s: disrupt the synthesis of the [[peptidoglycan]] layer of bacterial [[cell wall]]s.
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Glycopeptide antibiotic|Glycopeptides]]
|-
|[[Teicoplanin]] || Targocid || rowspan="3" | || rowspan="3" | || rowspan="3" | inhibiting [[peptidoglycan]] synthesis
|-
|[[Vancomycin]] || [[Vancocin]]
|-
|[[Telavancin]] || [[Vibativ]]
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Lincosamides]]
|-
|[[Clindamycin]] || [[Cleocin]] || rowspan="2" | Serious staph-, pneumo-, and streptococcal infections in penicillin-allergic patients, also anaerobic infections; clindamycin topically for [[acne]] || rowspan="2" | Possible [[C. difficile]]-related [[pseudomembranous enterocolitis]]|| rowspan="2" | Bind to 50S subunit of bacterial [[RNA]] thereby inhibiting protein synthesis
|-
|[[Lincomycin]] || Lincocin
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Lipopeptide]]
|-
|[[Daptomycin]] || [[Cubicin]] || [[Gram-positive]] organisms || || Bind to the membrane and cause rapid depolarization, resulting in a loss of membrane potential leading to inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Macrolide]]s
|-
|[[Azithromycin]] || [[Zithromax]], [[Sumamed]], Zitrocin || rowspan="6" | [[Streptococcal infection]]s, [[syphilis]], [[upper respiratory tract infection]]s, [[lower respiratory tract infection]]s, [[mycoplasmal infection]]s, [[Lyme disease]] || rowspan="6" |
* Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses)
* [[Jaundice]]
| rowspan="8" |[[enzyme inhibitor|inhibition]] of bacterial [[protein biosynthesis]] by binding reversibly to the subunit [[50S]] of the bacterial [[ribosome]], thereby inhibiting translocation of peptidyl [[Transfer RNA|tRNA]].
|-
|[[Clarithromycin]] || [[Biaxin]]
|-
|[[Dirithromycin]] || [[Dynabac]]
|-
|[[Erythromycin]] || [[Erythocin]], [[Erythroped]]
|-
|[[Roxithromycin]] ||
|-
|[[Troleandomycin]] || TAO
|-
|[[Telithromycin]] || [[Ketek]] || [[Pneumonia]] || Visual Disturbance, Liver Toxicity.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last= Splete
|first= Heidi
|coauthors= Kerri Wachter
|year= 2006
|month= March
|title= Liver toxicity reported with Ketek
|journal= Internal Medicine News}}
</ref>
|-
|[[Spectinomycin]] || Trobicin || [[Gonorrhea]] || ||
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Monobactams]]
|-
|[[Aztreonam]] || [[Azactam]] || || || Same mode of action as other [[beta-lactam antibiotic]]s: disrupt the synthesis of the [[peptidoglycan]] layer of bacterial [[cell wall]]s.
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Nitrofurans]]
|-
||[[Furazolidone]] || Furoxone || Bacterial or [[protozoal]] [[diarrhea]] or [[enteritis]] || ||
|-
|[[Nitrofurantoin]] || [[Macrodantin]], [[Macrobid]] || [[Urinary tract infections]] || ||
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Penicillin]]s
|-
|[[Amoxicillin]] || [[Novamox]], [[Amoxil]] || rowspan="16" | Wide range of infections; penicillin used for [[streptococcal infection]]s, [[syphilis]], and [[Lyme disease]] || rowspan="16" |
* Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
* Allergy with serious [[anaphylactic reaction]]s
* Brain and kidney damage (rare)
| rowspan="16" | Same mode of action as other [[beta-lactam antibiotic]]s: disrupt the synthesis of the [[peptidoglycan]] layer of bacterial [[cell wall]]s.
|-
|[[Ampicillin]] || Principen
|-
|[[Azlocillin]] ||
|-
|[[Carbenicillin]] || Geocillin
|-
|[[Cloxacillin]] || Tegopen
|-
|[[Dicloxacillin]] || Dynapen
|-
|[[Flucloxacillin]] || [[Floxapen]]
|-
|[[Mezlocillin]] || Mezlin
|-
|[[Methicillin]] || Staphcillin
|-
|[[Nafcillin]] || Unipen
|-
|[[Oxacillin]] || Prostaphlin
|-
|[[Penicillin G]] || Pentids
|-
|[[Penicillin V]] || Pen-Vee-K
|-
|[[Piperacillin]] || Pipracil
|-
|[[Temocillin]] || Negaban
|-
|[[Ticarcillin]] || Ticar
|-
!colspan="5" | Penicillin combinations
|-
|[[co-amoxiclav|Amoxicillin/clavulanate]] || Augmentin || rowspan="4" | || rowspan="4" | || rowspan="4" | The second component prevents bacterial [[antibiotic resistance|resistance]] to the first component
|-
|[[Ampicillin/sulbactam]] || Unasyn
|-
|[[Piperacillin/tazobactam]] || Zosyn
|-
|[[Ticarcillin/clavulanate]] || Timentin
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Polypeptide antibiotics|Polypeptides]]
|-
|[[Bacitracin]] || || rowspan="3" | Eye, ear or bladder infections; usually applied directly to the eye or inhaled into the lungs; rarely given by injection || rowspan="3" | Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection)
| Inhibits [[isoprenyl pyrophosphate]], a molecule that carries the building blocks of the [[peptidoglycan]] bacterial [[cell wall]] outside of the inner membrane <ref>[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/12/3223 Mechanism of Action of Bacitracin: Complexation with Metal Ion and C55-Isoprenyl Pyrophosphate] K. John Stone and Jack L. Strominger</ref>
|-
|[[Colistin]] || Coly-Mycin-S ||rowspan=2| Interact with the gram negative [[bacterial outer membrane]] and [[cytoplasmic membrane]]. It displaces bacterial counter ions, which destabilizes the outer membrane. They act like a detergent against the cytoplasmic membrane, which alters its permeability. Polymyxin B and E are bactericidal even in an isosmotic solution.
|-
|[[Polymyxin B]] ||
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Quinolone]]s
|-
|[[Ciprofloxacin]] || [[Cipro]], [[Ciproxin]], Ciprobay || rowspan="9" | Urinary tract infections, [[bacterial prostatitis]], community-acquired [[pneumonia]], [[bacterial diarrhea]], [[mycoplasmal infection]]s, [[gonorrhea]] || rowspan="13" | Nausea (rare), irreversible damage to [[central nervous system]] (uncommon), tendinosis (rare)
| rowspan="13" |inhibit the bacterial [[DNA gyrase]] or the [[topoisomerase]] IV enzyme, thereby inhibiting [[DNA]] replication and transcription.
|-
|[[Enoxacin]] || Penetrex
|-
|[[Gatifloxacin]] || [[Tequin]]
|-
|[[Levofloxacin]] || [[Levaquin]]
|-
|[[Lomefloxacin]] || Maxaquin
|-
|[[Moxifloxacin]] || [[Avelox]]
|-
|[[Nalidixic acid]] || NegGram
|-
|[[Norfloxacin]] || Noroxin
|-
|[[Ofloxacin]] || [[Floxin]], Ocuflox
|-
|[[Trovafloxacin]] || [[Trovan]] || Withdrawn
|-
|[[Grepafloxacin]] || [[Raxar]] || Withdrawn
|-
|[[Sparfloxacin]] || [[Zagam]] || Withdrawn
|-
|[[Temafloxacin]] || [[Omniflox]] || Withdrawn
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|Sulfonamides]]
|-
|[[Mafenide]] || Sulfamylon || rowspan="11" | [[Urinary tract infection]]s (except sulfacetamide, used for [[Conjunctivitis#Bacterial|eye infection]]s, and mafenide and silver sulfadiazine, used topically for [[burns]]) || rowspan="11" |
* Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
* [[Allergy]] (including skin rashes)
* Crystals in urine
* [[Renal failure|Kidney failure]]
* Decrease in [[white blood cell]] count
* Sensitivity to sunlight
| rowspan="11" | [[Folate synthesis]] inhibition. They are [[competitive inhibitor]]s of the enzyme [[dihydropteroate synthetase]], DHPS. DHPS catalyses the conversion of PABA ([[para-Aminobenzoic acid|''para''-aminobenzoate]]) to [[dihydropteroic acid|dihydropteroate]], a key step in [[folate]] synthesis. Folate is necessary for the cell to synthesize [[nucleic acid]]s (nucleic acids are essential building blocks of [[DNA]] and [[RNA]]), and in its absence cells will be unable to divide.
|-
|[[Prontosil|Sulfonamidochrysoidine]] (archaic) || [[Prontosil]]
|-
|[[Sulfacetamide]] || Sulamyd, Bleph-10
|-
|[[Sulfadiazine]] || Micro-Sulfon
|-
|[[Silver sulfadiazine]] || Silvadene
|-
|[[Sulfamethizole]] || Thiosulfil Forte
|-
|[[Sulfamethoxazole]] || Gantanol
|-
|[[Sulfanilimide]] (archaic) ||
|-
|[[Sulfasalazine]] || Azulfidine
|-
|[[Sulfisoxazole]] || Gantrisin
|-
|[[Trimethoprim]] || Proloprim, Trimpex
|-
|[[Trimethoprim]]-[[Sulfamethoxazole]] ([[Co-trimoxazole]]) ([[TMP-SMX]]) || [[Bactrim]], Septra
|-
!colspan="5" | [[Tetracycline antibiotics|Tetracycline]]s
|-
|[[Demeclocycline]] || Declomycin || rowspan="5" | [[Syphilis]], [[Chlamydia infection|chlamydial]] infections, [[Lyme disease]], [[mycoplasmal infection]]s, acne [[rickettsia]]l infections, *[[malaria]] *Note: Malaria is caused by a protist and not a bacterium. || rowspan="5" |
* Gastrointestinal upset
* Sensitivity to sunlight
* Potential toxicity to mother and fetus during pregnancy
* Enamel hypoplasia (staining of teeth; potentially permanent)
* transient depression of bone growth
| rowspan="5" |inhibiting the binding of [[aminoacyl-tRNA]] to the [[mRNA-ribosome]] complex. They do so mainly by binding to the [[30S ribosomal subunit]] in the [[mRNA translation]] complex.
|-
|[[Doxycycline]] || [[Vibramycin]]
|-
|[[Minocycline]] || [[Minocin]]
|-
|[[Oxytetracycline]] || [[Terramycin]]
|-
|[[Tetracycline]] || [[Sumycin]], [[Achromycin V]], [[Steclin]]
|-
!colspan="5" | Drugs against [[mycobacteria]]
|-
|[[Clofazimine]] || Lamprene || [[Leprostatic agent|Antileprotic]]|| ||
|-
|[[Dapsone]] ||Avlosulfon ||[[Leprostatic agent|Antileprotic]]|| ||
|-
|[[Capreomycin]] || Capastat || [[Antituberculosis]] || ||
|-
|[[Cycloserine]] || Seromycin || [[Antituberculosis]], [[urinary tract infections]] || ||
|-
|[[Ethambutol]] || Myambutol || [[Antituberculosis]] || ||
|-
|[[Ethionamide]] || Trecator || [[Antituberculosis]] || || Inhibits peptide synthesis
|-
|[[Isoniazid]] || I.N.H. || [[Antituberculosis]] || ||
|-
|[[Pyrazinamide]] || Aldinamide || [[Antituberculosis]] || ||
|-
|[[Rifampicin]] (Rifampin in US) || Rifadin, Rimactane || mostly [[Gram-positive]] and [[mycobacteria]] ||Reddish-orange sweat, tears, and urine || Binds to the β subunit of [[RNA polymerase]] to inhibit transcription
|-
|[[Rifabutin]] || Mycobutin || [[Mycobacterium avium complex]] || rash, discolored urine, GI symptoms ||
|-
|[[Rifapentine]] || Priftin || [[Antituberculosis]] || ||
|-
|[[Streptomycin]] || ||[[Antituberculosis]] ||[[Neurotoxicity]], [[ototoxicity]] || As other [[aminoglycosides]]
|-
!colspan="5" | Others
|-
|[[Arsphenamine]] || [[Salvarsan]] ||[[Spirochaete|Spirochaetal]] infections (obsolete) || ||
|-
|[[Chloramphenicol]] || [[Chloromycetin]] || [[meningitis]], [[MRSA]], topical use, or for low cost internal treatment. Historic: [[typhus]], [[cholera]]. [[gram negative]], [[gram positive]], [[anaerobe]]s || Rarely: [[aplastic anemia]]. || Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome
|-
|[[Fosfomycin]] || Monurol || Acute [[cystitis]] in women || || Inactivates [[enolpyruvyl transferase]], thereby blocking [[cell wall]] synthesis
|-
|[[Fusidic acid]] || [[Fucidin]] || || ||
|-
|[[Linezolid]] || [[Zyvox]] ||[[Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus|VRSA]]|| ||
|-
|[[Metronidazole]] || [[Flagyl]] || Infections caused by [[anaerobic bacteria]]; also [[amoebiasis]], [[trichomoniasis]], [[Giardiasis]] ||Discolored urine, [[headache]], [[Dysgeusia|metallic taste]], [[nausea]] ; [[alcohol]] is contraindicated || Produces toxic [[free radicals]] which disrupt DNA and proteins. This non-specific mechanism is responsible for its activity against a variety of bacteria, amoebae, and protozoa.
|-
|[[Mupirocin]] || [[Bactroban]] ||[[Ointment]] for [[impetigo]], [[Cream (pharmaceutical)|cream]] for infected cuts || ||
|-
|[[Platensimycin]] || || || ||
|-
|[[Quinupristin/Dalfopristin]] || [[Syncercid]] || || ||
|-
|[[Rifaximin]] || Xifaxan || [[Traveler's diarrhea]] caused by [[E. coli]] || ||
|-
|[[Thiamphenicol]] || || [[Gram-negative]], [[Gram-positive]], [[anaerobe]]s. widely used in veterinary medicine. || Lacks known anemic side-effects. || A chloramphenicol analog. May inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome
|-
|[[Tigecycline]] || || || ||
|-
|[[Tinidazole]] || Tindamax Fasigyn || protozoan infections || upset stomach, bitter taste, and itchiness ||
|-
! Generic Name !! Brand Names !! Common Uses<ref name="merck"/> !! Possible Side Effects<ref name="merck"/> !! Mechanism of action
|}
=তথ্যসূত্র==
{{reflist}}
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