কুমায়ূন বিভাগ: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য
বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে
সম্পাদনা সারাংশ নেই ট্যাগ: মোবাইল সম্পাদনা মোবাইল ওয়েব সম্পাদনা উচ্চতর মোবাইল সম্পাদনা |
সম্পাদনা সারাংশ নেই ট্যাগ: মোবাইল সম্পাদনা মোবাইল ওয়েব সম্পাদনা উচ্চতর মোবাইল সম্পাদনা |
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৩৮ নং লাইন:
কত্যু্রী রাজা ব্রহ্মা দেবের পৌত্র অভয়পাল দেবের কোন এক উত্তরসূরী ১২৭৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দে বর্তমান পিথোরাগড়ের অস্কোটে রাজধানী স্থাপন করে রাজবর রাজবংশ প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন। ১৮১৬ খ্রিস্টাব্দে ব্রিটিশদের সাথে সুগৌলি চুক্তি স্বাক্ষরিত হওয়া পর্যন্ত এটি ওই রাজবংশদ্বারা শাসিত একটি রাজ্য ছিল, পরবর্তীকালে এটি ব্রিটিশ সাম্রাজ্যের অন্তর্ভুক্ত হয়।
===চাঁদ রাজত্ব===
[[File:Fort and the capital city of Kali Kumaon, Champawat, 1815.jpg|thumb|Fort in [[Champawat]], the capital of [[Chand Kings]], 1815]]
{{Main|Chand kings}}
The Chand dynasty was established by Som Chand in the 10th century,<ref name="Chand">{{cite book|title=History of Nainital District|date=1909|publisher=The Imperial Gazetteer of India|page=324|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_330.gif}}</ref> by displacing the Katyuri Kings,who had been ruling the area from the 7th century AD. He continued to call his state Kurmanchal and established its capital in Champawat in Kali Kumaon called so, due to its vicinity to river Kali. Many temples built in this former capital city, during the 11th and 12th century exist today, this includes the Baleshwar and Nagnath temples.
[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Baj Bahadur of Kumaon.jpg|thumb|Baj Bahadur of Kumaon ca. 1750.]]
One of most powerful rulers of Chand dynasty was Baz Bahadur (1638–78) AD, who met [[Shahjahan]] in [[Delhi]], and in 1655 joined forces with him to attack [[Garhwal District|Garhwal]], which was then under the King Pirthi Sah. Baz Bahadur subsequently captured the Terai region including [[Dehradun]], which was thus separated from the Garhwal kingdom. Baz Bahadur extended his territory east to [[Ghaghara|Karnali river]], later Baz Bahadur invaded [[Tibet]] and captured several forts including a hindu pilgrim [[Lake Manasarovar|Kailash Manasarovar]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hāṇḍā|first=Omacanda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ct9gzvkDQC&pg=PA82&dq=baz+bahadur+chand+tibet#q=baz%20bahadur%20chand%20tibet|title=History of Uttaranchal|date=2002|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-134-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sen|first=Siba Pada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXUeAAAAMAAJ&q=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur&dq=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur|title=The Sino-Indian Border Question: A Historical Review|date=1971|publisher=Institute of Historical Studies|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Man Mohan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZwRAQAAIAAJ&q=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur&dq=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur|title=Yātrā: Pilgrimages in the Himalayas|date=2005|publisher=Trishul Publications|isbn=978-81-85384-92-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Vaishṇav|first=Yamunādatta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54e1AAAAIAAJ&q=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur&dq=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur|title=Himalayan Districts of Uttar Pradesh: Land and People|date=1983|publisher=Sri Almora Book Depot|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Sep 5|first1=Vikram Bhalla {{!}} Times Fact Check {{!}} Updated|last2=2018|last3=Ist|first3=18:11|title=FACT CHECK: Did Aurangzeb defeat China and snatch Kailash Mansarovar from them as a gift to Hindus? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/times-fact-check/news/fact-check-did-aurangzeb-defeat-china-and-snatch-kailash-mansarovar-from-them-as-a-gift-to-hindus/articleshow/65685957.cms|access-date=2020-09-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=India)|first=Institute of Historical Studies (Calcutta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8Q9AQAAIAAJ&q=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur&dq=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur|title=Collection of Papers Presented at Annual Conference of the Institute|date=1971|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Man Mohan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQYuAAAAMAAJ&q=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur&dq=kailash+mansarovar+baz+bahadur|title=The Mystery of Rupkund|date=1986|publisher=Vanity Books|language=en}}</ref>.he also built the Golu Devata Temple, at Ghorakhal, near [[Bhimtal]],<ref name="Chand" /> after Lord Golu, a general in his army, who died valiantly in battle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chitai Temple |url=http://210.212.78.56/almora/English/indexvisitor.html |accessdate=3 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413011854/http://210.212.78.56/almora/English/indexvisitor.html |archivedate=13 April 2009 }}</ref> He also built the famous Bhimeshwara Mahadev Temple at Bhimtal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhimtal |url=http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO000000883U00007000 |accessdate=3 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618174145/http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object.cfm?uid=019PHO000000883U00007000 |archivedate=18 June 2008 }}</ref>
Towards the end of the 17th century, Chand kings again attacked the Garhwal kingdom, and in 1688, Udyot Chand erected several temples at Almora, including Tripur Sundari, Udyot Chandeshwar, and Parbateshwar. To mark his victory over Garhwal and Doti, the Parbateshwar temple was renamed twice, to become the present Nanda Devi temple.<ref>{{cite web|title=Almora Temples Uttaranchal - Uttarakhand Worldwide - Kumaon and Garhwal - Almora Temples|url=http://www.uttaranchal.org.uk/almoratemples.php|website=www.uttaranchal.org.uk|accessdate=3 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225503/http://www.uttaranchal.org.uk/almoratemples.php|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later, Jagat Chand (1708–20), defeated the Raja of Garhwal and pushed him away from [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]] (in Uttarakhand, not to be confused with the capital of present-day Indian Kashmir), and his kingdom was given to a [[Brahmin]].<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Garhwal District|date=1909|publisher=The Imperial Gazetteer of India|page=165|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_171.gif|accessdate=3 October 2016}}</ref>
==তথ্যসূত্র==
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