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সেমিনোল সংস্কৃতি ঢালাওভাবে ক্রিক সংস্কৃতি থেকে উদ্ভূত; এদের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হলো গ্রিন কর্ন ডান্স; অন্যান্য উল্লেখযোগ্য ঐতিহ্যের মধ্যে রয়েছে ব্ল্যাক ড্রিংক এবং আচার (আচার-অনুষ্ঠান) তামাকের ব্যবহার।
সেমিনোল যেমন ফ্লোরিডার পরিবেশের সাথে খাপ খাইয়েছিল, তেমনি তারা খোলা-বায়ু, ছাদযুক্ত ঘর (যা চিকি নামে পরিচিত) নির্মাণসহ
বিভিন্ন স্থানীয় ঐতিহ্যগুলিও আয়ত্ত করে নেয়।<ref>Mahon, pp. 183–184; 201–202.</ref> Historicallyঐতিহাসিকভাবে theসেমিনোলরা Seminoleমিকাসুকি spokeএবং [[Mikasukiক্রিক language|Mikasuki]]উভয় andমুস্কোজিয়ান [[Creekভাষাতেই language|Creek]],কথা both [[Muskogean languages]].বলে।<ref name=Sturtevant>{{cite book|last=Sturtevant|first=William C., Jessica R. Cattelino|title=Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 14|year=2004|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|location=Washington, DC|pages=429–449|url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/jcattelino/FloridaSeminoleandMiccosukee.pdf|editor=Raymond D. Fogelson|accessdate=21 June 2012|chapter=Florida Seminole and Miccosukee}}</ref>
সেমিনোলরা অন্যান্য ক্রিক গোষ্ঠীগুলির থেকে ক্রমশ পৃথক হয়ে উঠেছে এবং তাদের আলাদা একটি নিজস্ব পরিচয় প্রতিষ্ঠা করেছে। ব্রিটিশ এবং দ্বিতীয় স্প্যানিশ সময়কালে তারা একটি সমৃদ্ধ বাণিজ্য নেটওয়ার্ক গড়ে তুলেছিল (মোটামুটিভাবে ১৭৬৭–১৮২১)।<ref>Mahon, pp. 187–189.</ref>
The Seminole became increasingly independent of other Creek groups and established their own identity. They developed a thriving trade network during the [[British Florida|British]] and [[Spanish Florida|second Spanish periods]] (roughly 1767–1821).<ref>Mahon, pp. 187–189.</ref> The tribe expanded considerably during this time, and was further supplemented from the late 18th century by [[free people of color|free blacks]] and escaped slaves who settled near and paid tribute to Seminole towns. The latter became known as [[Black Seminoles]], although they kept their own [[Gullah]] culture.<ref name=Mahon190191>Mahon, pp. 190–191.</ref> After the United States achieved independence, its settlers increased pressure on Seminole lands, leading to the [[Seminole Wars]] (1818–1858). The Seminole were first confined to a large inland reservation by the [[Treaty of Moultrie Creek]] (1823) and then forcibly evicted from Florida by the [[Treaty of Payne's Landing]] (1832).<ref name=Mahon190191/> By 1842, most Seminoles and Black Seminoles had been [[Indian removal|removed]] to [[Indian Territory]] west of the [[Mississippi River]]. During the [[American Civil War]], most Oklahoma Seminole allied with the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]], after which they had to sign a new treaty with the U.S., including freedom and tribal membership for the Black Seminole. Today residents of the reservation are enrolled in the federally recognized [[Seminole Nation of Oklahoma]], while others belong to unorganized groups.
Perhaps fewer than 200 Seminoles remained in Florida after the [[Third Seminole War]] (1855–1858), but they fostered a resurgence in traditional customs and a culture of staunch independence.<ref name="Mahon, pp. 201–202">Mahon, pp. 201–202.</ref> In the late 19th century, the Florida Seminole re-established limited relations with the U.S. government and in 1930 received {{convert|5000|acre|km2}} of reservation lands. Few Seminole moved to reservations until the 1940s; they reorganized their government and received federal recognition in 1957 as the [[Seminole Tribe of Florida]]. The more traditional people near the [[Tamiami Trail]] received federal recognition as the [[Miccosukee]] Tribe in 1962.<ref name=Mahon203204>Mahon, pp. 203–204.</ref>
Seminole groups in Oklahoma and Florida had little contact with each other until well into the 20th century, but each developed along similar lines as the groups strived to maintain their culture while they struggled economically. Old crafts and traditions were revived in the mid-20th century as Seminoles began seeking tourism dollars when Americans began to travel more on the country's growing highway system. In the 1970s, Seminole tribes began to run small [[Bingo (U.S.)|bingo]] games on their reservations to raise revenue, winning court challenges to initiate [[Indian gaming]], which many U.S. tribes have adopted to generate revenues for welfare, education, and development. The Seminole Tribe of Florida has been particularly successful with gambling establishments, and in 2007, it purchased the [[Hard Rock Café]] and has rebranded or opened several large gaming resorts under that name.<ref name="hardrock">{{Cite news |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/biz-monday/article79172817.html |title=How the Seminole Tribe came to rock the Hard Rock empire |last=Herrera |first=Chabeli |date=27 May 2016 |work=The Miami Herald}}</ref>
==তথ্যসূত্র ==
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