মার্কিন ইংরেজি: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে
সম্পাদনা সারাংশ নেই
২৪ নং লাইন:
[[File:English USC2000 PHS.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে ইংরেজি ভাষার ব্যাপকতা। গাঢ় নীল রঙে চিহ্নিত রাজ্যগুলিতে স্থানীয় ইংরেজিভাষীদের অধিকতর জনঘনত্ব নির্দেশ করা হয়েছে।]]
'''আমেরিকান ইংরেজি''' ([[ইংরেজি ভাষা|ইংরেজি]]: American English; '''AmE''', '''AE''', '''AmEng''', '''USEng''', '''en-US'''<ref group=note><code>en-US</code> is the [[language code]] for ''U.S. English'', as defined by [[ISO standard]]s (see [[ISO 639-1]] and [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]]) and [[Internet standard]]s (see [[IETF language tag]]).</ref>) হল মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের অধিবাসীদের দ্বারা কথিত [[ইংরেজি ভাষা|ইংরেজি ভাষার]] বিভিন্ন প্রকারভেদের সমষ্টি।<ref>{{cite book|last=Crystal|first=David|authorlink=David Crystal|year=1997|title=English as a Global Language|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-53032-3}}</ref> এই ভাষাটি '''যুক্তরাষ্ট্রীয় ইংরেজি''' (ইংরেজি: United States English বা U.S. English) নামেও পরিচিত।<ref>Plichta, Bartlomiej, and Dennis R. Preston (2005). "The /ay/s Have It: The Perception of /ay/ as a North-South Stereotype in the United States English." ''Acta Linguistica Hafniensia'' 37.1: 107–130.</ref><ref>Zentella, A. C. (1982). Spanish and English in contact in the United States: The Puerto Rican experience. Word, 33(1–2), 41.</ref> সমগ্র বিশ্বে আমেরিকান ইংরেজিকে সর্বাধিক প্রভাবশালী উপভাষাগুলির একটি মনে করা হয়। এমনকি ইংরেজি ভাষার অন্যান্য উপভাষাগুলির তুলনায় এই ভাষাটির প্রভাবই সবচেয়ে বেশি।<ref>{{Cite book|title=That's The Way It Crumbles: the American Conquest of English|last=Engel|first=Matthew|publisher=Profile Books|year=2017|isbn=9781782832621|location=London|pages=|oclc=989790918}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2017/07/20/fears-of-british-englishs-disappearance-are-overblown|title=Fears of British English's disappearance are overblown|date=2017-07-20|work=The Economist|access-date=2019-04-18|issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150715-why-isnt-american-a-language|title=Why isn't 'American' a language?|last=Harbeck|first=James|date=July 15, 2015|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB|access-date=April 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20170904-how-americanisms-are-killing-the-english-language|title=How Americanisms are killing the English language|last=Anderson|first=Hephzibah|website=www.bbc.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/846112/the-readers-editor-writes-why-is-american-english-becoming-part-of-everyday-usage-in-india|title=The Readers' Editor writes: Why is American English becoming part of everyday usage in India?|last=Reddy|first=C. Rammanohar|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref>
==পাদটীকা==
{{reflist|group=note}}
 
==তথ্যসূত্র==
{{Reflist}}
 
==গ্রন্থপঞ্জি==
* {{cite journal
|doi=10.1121/1.418333
|last=Boyce
|first=S.
|last2=Espy-Wilson
|first2=C.
|year=1997
|title= Coarticulatory stability in American English /r/
|journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|volume=101
|issue=6
|pages=3741–3753
|pmid=9193061
|bibcode=1997ASAJ..101.3741B
|ref=harv
|url=http://www.asel.udel.edu/icslp/cdrom/vol3/216/a216.pdf
|citeseerx=10.1.1.16.4174
}}
* {{cite book|title=The Phonetics of Dutch and English|edition=5|location=[[Leiden]]/[[Boston]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2002|author1-first=Beverley|author1-last=Collins|author2-first=Inger M.|author2-last=Mees|url=http://npu.edu.ua/!e-book/book/djvu/A/iif_kgpm_Collins_Phonetics_of_English_and_Dutch_pdf.pdf|ref=harv|access-date=July 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228163816/http://npu.edu.ua/!e-book/book/djvu/A/iif_kgpm_Collins_Phonetics_of_English_and_Dutch_pdf.pdf|archive-date=December 28, 2016|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite journal
|last=Delattre
|first=P.
|last2=Freeman
|first2=D.C.
|year=1968
|title=A dialect study of American R's by x-ray motion picture
|journal=Linguistics
|volume=44
|pages=29–68
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite journal
|doi=10.1006/jpho.1999.0097
|last=Hallé
|first=Pierre A.
|last2=Best
|first2=Catherine T.
|last3=Levitt
|year=1999
|title=Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants
|journal=Journal of Phonetics
|volume=27
|pages=281–306
|first3=Andrea
|issue=3
|ref=harv
}}
* {{cite book |last=Labov |first=William |date=2012 |title=Dialect diversity in America: The politics of language change' |publisher=University of Virginia |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Labov|first=William|authorlink=William Labov|last2=Ash|first2=Sharon|last3=Boberg|first3=Charles|author3link=Charles Boberg|ref=harv|year=2006|title=The Atlas of North American English|location=Berlin|publisher=[[Mouton de Gruyter]]|isbn=978-3-11-016746-7}}
* {{cite journal |last=Longmore |first=Paul K. |date=2007 |jstor=4139476 |title='Good English without Idiom or Tone': The Colonial Origins of American Speech |journal=The Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=513–542 |publisher=MIT |ref=harv|doi=10.1162/jinh.2007.37.4.513 }}
* {{cite book |author-link=Peter Trudgill |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |date=2004 |title=New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |author-link=John C. Wells |last=Wells |first=John C. |title=Accents of English |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-521-22919-7 |quote=0-521-22919-7 (vol. 1), {{ISBN|0-521-24224-X}} (vol. 2), {{ISBN|0-521-24225-8}} (vol. 3) |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal
|doi=10.1159/000259995
|last=Zawadzki
|first=P.A.
|last2=Kuehn
|first2=D.P.
|year=1980
|title=A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/
|journal=Phonetica
|volume=37
|issue=4
|pages=253–266
|pmid=7443796
|ref=harv
}}
 
==আরও পড়ুন==