বেসরকারি সংস্থা: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে
Ashiq Shawon (আলোচনা | অবদান)
নতুন নিবন্ধন (১০০ দিনে ১০০ নিবন্ধ সংযোজন)
 
Ashiq Shawon (আলোচনা | অবদান)
সম্প্রসারণ
২ নং লাইন:
 
'''বেসরকারি সংস্থা''' ({{lang-en|Nongovernmental Organizations}},<ref>US dictionaries record only the unhyphenated spelling, and this also recorded by some UK dictionaries, e.g. [https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nongovernmental Collins English Dictionary]</ref> বা, Nongovernment Organizations),<ref>{{cite journal| pmid=15124961 | volume=49 | title=Presence of social workers in nongovernment organizations | year=2004 | journal=Soc Work | pages=207–18 | last1 = Claiborne | first1 = N | doi=10.1093/sw/49.2.207}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/world/europe/migrant-ship-monitor-mediterranean.html Ship Monitoring Rescues of Migrants Refuses to Be Rescued], The New York Times</ref> যা সাধারণতঃ '''এনজিও''' ('''NGOs''')<ref>The term ''NGO'' is so common and its expansion so rare that all dictionaries have an entry for the abbreviation but many don't have one for the expansion, or they even explain it by using the abbreviation, e.g. [https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nongovernmental-organization Collins English Dictionary]</ref> হিসাবে পরিচিত, হলো এমন আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থা বা প্রতিষ্ঠান যারা সাধারণত অলাভজনক ও স্বাধীনভাবে সরকার কর্তৃক সরাসরিভাবে সুনির্দিষ্ট নিয়ন্ত্রণের বাহিরে (যদিও এগুলোতে প্রায়শঃই সরকার কর্তৃক অর্থায়ন করা হয়)<ref>[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/ngo ]</ref> মানবতার, শিক্ষা, স্বাস্থ্যসেবা, জনসাধারণের নীতি, সামাজিক, মানবাধিকার, পরিবেশগত এবং অন্যান্য ক্ষেত্রে সক্রিয়ভাবে তাদের লক্ষ্য অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তনে নিয়োজিত।<ref>[https://www.usip.org/glossary/nongovernmental-organization-ngo ]</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/nongovernmental-organization ]</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ngo?a=british ]</ref><ref>[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ngo ]</ref>
 
== আরও দেখুন ==
 
== তথ্যসূত্র ==
{{সূত্র তালিকা|২}}
 
== অতিরিক্ত পঠন ==
{{refbegin}}
* Hilton, Matthew et al. eds. ''The Politics of Expertise: How NGOs Shaped Modern Britain'' (2013)
* Watkins, Susan Cotts, Ann Swidler, and Thomas Hannan. 2012. "[http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145516 Outsourcing Social Transformation: Development NGOs as Organizations]." Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 38, pp.&nbsp;285–315, [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145516 PDF]
* Davies, T. 2014. NGOs: A New History of Transnational Civil Society. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-938753-3}}.
* Velusamy M. Non Governmental Organisation, Dominant Publishers & Distribution Ltd, New Delhi
* Mark Butler, with Thulani Ndlazi, David Ntseng, Graham Philpott, and Nomusa Sokhela. ''NGO Practice and the Possibility of Freedom'' Church Land Programme, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 2007 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090205081725/http://www.churchland.co.za/upload/files/OccasionalPaperNo3.pdf Churchland.co.za]
* Olivier Berthoud, ''NGOs: Somewhere between Compassion, Profitability and Solidarity'' [http://www.envio.org.ni/articulo/1526 Envio.org.ni], PDF [http://www.edinter.net/docs/ONGBOLEN0102.pdf Edinter.net] Envio, Managua, 2001
* Terje Tvedt, 19982/2003: Angels of Mercy or Development Diplomats. NGOs & Foreign Aid, Oxford: James Currey
* Steve W. Witt, ed. Changing Roles of NGOs in the Creation, Storage, and Dissemination of Information in Developing Countries (Saur, 2006). {{ISBN|3-598-22030-8}}
* Cox, P. N. Shams, G. C. Jahn, P. Erickson and P. Hicks. 2002. Building collaboration between NGOs and agricultural research iNGOs – Die Gewerkschaften in Guinea während der Unruhen 2007'' – [[European University Center for Peace Studies|EPU]] Research Papers: Issue 03/07, Stadtschlaining 2007 {{de icon}}
* [[Lyal Sunga|Lyal S. Sunga]], "Dilemmas facing INGOs in coalition-occupied Iraq", in Ethics in Action: The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations, edited by Daniel A. Bell and Jean-Marc Coicaud, Cambridge Univ. and United Nations Univ. Press, 2007.
* [[Lyal Sunga|Lyal S. Sunga]], "NGO Involvement in International Human Rights Monitoring, International Human Rights Law and Non-Governmental Organizations" (2005) 41-69.
* Werker & Ahmed (2008): What do Non-Governmental Organizations do?
* {{cite journal | last1 = Charnovitz | first1 = Steve | year = 1997 | title = Two Centuries of Participation: NGOs and International Governance | url = | journal = Michigan Journal of International Law | volume = 18 | issue = | pages = 183–286 }}
* Abahlali baseMjondolo [http://antieviction.org.za/related-writing-and-resources/rethinking-public-participation-from-below/ ''Rethinking Public Participation from Below''], 'Critical Dialogue', 2006
* Akpan S. M (2010): Establishment of Non-Governmental Organizations (In Press).
* Edward A. L. Turner (2010) ''[http://escholarship.org/uc/item/97p470sx Why Has the Number of International Non-Governmental Organizations Exploded since 1960?]'', [[Cliodynamics]], 1, (1).
* Eugene Fram & Vicki Brown, How Using the Corporate Model Makes a Nonprofit Board More Effective & Efficient – Third Edition (2011), Amazon Books, Create Space Books.
* David Lewis and Nazneen Kanji (2009): Non-Governmental Organizations and Development. New York: Routledge.
* Issa G. Shivji (2007): Silence in NGO Discourse: The Role and Future of NGOs in Africa. Nairobi: Fahamu.
* Jens Steffek and Kristina Hahn (2010): Evaluating Transnational NGOs: Legitimacy, Accountability, Representation. New York: Palgrave, Macmillan.
* [[Yearbook of International Organizations]], produced by the [[Union of International Associations]].
{{refend}}
 
== বহিঃসংযোগ ==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/p.willetts/CS-NTWKS/NGO-ART.HTM |title=What is a Non-Governmental Organization? |publisher=City University, London}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQwdcSsF0B8 |title=Video speech - Helen Clark, Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on World NGO Day}}