টমকর্ড: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

 

থমকর্ড এক প্রকার আঙ্গুরের প্রজাতি যা জনপ্রিয় বীজবিহীন থম্পসন বা সুলতানিয়া আঙ্গুর (ভিটিস ভিনিফেরা প্রজাতি) এবং কনকর্ড আঙ্গুরের (ভিটিস লাব্রুস্কা প্রজাতি) এর সংকর। থমকর্ড ১৯৮৩ সালে ক্যালিফোর্নিয়ায় কৃষি গবেষণা প্রকল্পের (এআরএস) আঙ্গুর চাষীদের দ্বারা বীজবিহীন আঙ্গুর চাষের পদ্ধতি বোধগমনের অংশ হিসেবে উদ্ভাবিত হয়। এআরএস যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের কৃষি বিভাগের আওতাধীন একটি প্রকল্প।

এর সুগন্ধ যুক্ত "ল্যাব্রুসকা" স্বাদ কনকর্ড আঙ্গুরের মতই, কিন্তু থম্পসন আঙ্গুরের হালকা মিষ্ট স্বাদ ও এতে উপস্থিত। থমকর্ড উষ্ণ, শুষ্ক আবহাওয়ায় এবং জুলাইয়ের শেষ হতে আগস্টের মাঝামাঝি পর্যন্ত ভালো জন্মে এবং উদ্ভিদের চিতা রোগ (ছত্রাক বিশেষ) সহ্য করতে পারে। এটি উচ্চফলনশীল একটি প্রজাতি, যা প্রতি আঙ্গুর গাছে সাধারণত ১৫.১ কেজি (৩৩ পাউন্ড) এমনকি ক্ষেত্রবিশেষে ৩০ থেকে ৩২ কেজি (৬৬ থেকে ৭১ পাউন্ড) ফলন দিয়ে থাকে। প্রতিটি ফল {{রূপান্তর|2.72|and|3.38|g|abbr=on}} ওজনের হয়ে থাকে এবং মাঝারী মোটা, গাড় নীল ত্বকএর হয় যা আঙ্গুরের গায়ে লেগে থাকে, কনকর্ডের ক্ষেত্রে যা সহজেই উঠে আসে। ফলের আভ্যন্তরীন বীজ তূলনামূলক ভাবে ছোট হয়, কিন্তু থম্পসন এর চেয়ে বড় হয়।

 

 

Thomcord grape is a hybrid of Thompson Seedless grape (''Vitis vinifera'', or Sultanina), which is popular in supermarkets during the summer, and seeded Concord grape (''Vitis labrusca''), commonly used to make grape juice and jelly.{{R|2008Ramming|2006_USDA}} It is a plump, juicy, seedless table grape and is slightly firmer than Concord. Thomcord has a blue-black skin with medium thickness and a whitish bloom.{{R|2008Ramming|2006_USDA|2004FPS}} Unlike Concord, whose tough skin separates easily from the fruit, Thomcord has a more edible skin that clings to the flesh, much like Thompson Seedless.{{R|2008Ramming|2006_Sacramento_Bee}} It has an aromatic flavor, similar to the Concord in taste ("labrusca"), though lighter due to the sweet, mild taste from Thompson Seedless.{{R|2008Ramming|2006_USDA|2006_Sacramento_Bee}}

 

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Thomcord is a productive variety, with a yield comparable to Thompson Seedless. When two cordons (arms) of the vines are trained horizontally on wires ("bilateral-trained") and are pruned to remove most of the previous year's growth ("spur-pruned") during the winter, it can produce up to {{রূপান্তর|13|-|16|kg|abbr=on}} per vine, or an average of {{রূপান্তর|15.1|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.{{R|2008Ramming|2004FPS}} In 2002, cane-pruned vines of Thomcord were significantly more productive than Sovereign Coronation and were comparable to the Venus variety, averaging {{রূপান্তর|21.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}} per vine. Unlike Thompson Seedless, which has its cluster size thinned as a normal production practice, Thomcord's is not thinned because of its smaller cluster size. The grape clusters range in weight between {{রূপান্তর|259|and|534|g|abbr=on}}{{R|2008Ramming}} and average {{রূপান্তর|340|g|lb|abbr=on}},{{R|2004FPS}} have medium to slightly loose tightness (or are "well-filled", meaning the individual pedicels are not easily visible), and have a conical shape with a small wing.{{R|2008Ramming|2004FPS}}

 

The aborted seeds of Thomcord are small, but in some years they can become sclerified (a thickening and lignification of the walls of plant cells and the subsequent dying off of the [[প্রোটোপ্লাস্ট|protoplasts]]), making them more noticeable inside the medium-soft flesh. There are usually two aborted seeds per berry, which averaged between 14 and 22.3 mg in 2001 and 2002. This varied in comparison to Venus depending on the year and location, was comparable to the Sovereign Coronation, and was significantly smaller than the Sovereign Rose and Saturn varieties. However, as with the other cultivars, it was consistently larger than Thompson Seedless, which had the smallest aborted seeds.{{R|2008Ramming}}

 

The mature leaves on the vine have three lobes with open upper lateral sinuses (spaces between the lobes) of medium depth. The main vein is slightly longer than the petiole (stalk attaching the leaf blade to the stem), and the petiole sinus opens widely. Between the veins on the underside of both the mature and young leaf there are dense hairs that lie flat against the surface. The teeth on the edge of the leaf blade are convex on both sides, medium in size, and short relative to their width. Young leaf blades are dark copper red on the upper surface.{{R|2008Ramming}}

 

The shoots have at least three consecutive tendrils. Young shoots are fully open and have very dense hairs of medium anthocyanin coloration that lie flat against the tip. The [[কাণ্ড|internode]] of the young shoot is green with red stripes on the front (dorsal) side and solid green on the back (ventral) side.{{R|2008Ramming}}

 

{{একাধিক চিত্র}}In 1983,{{R|2004FPS}} research horticulturist David W. Ramming and technician Ronald L. Tarailo—Californian grape breeders working for the ARS, the chief scientific research agency of the USDA—crossed Thompson Seedless and Concord in order to answer a technical question about a newly developed procedure for breeding novel, superior seedless grapes.{{R|2006_USDA}} The researchers wanted to demonstrate that plants created from embryo culture were derived from fertilized eggs (zygotic) instead of the maternal tissue (somatic).{{R|2008Ramming}} From 1231 emasculations (removal of male flower parts to control pollination) of Thompson Seedless, the researchers produced 130 ovules using embryo rescue procedures.{{R|2008Ramming|2004FPS}} From these, 40 embryos developed and three seedlings were planted. The original seedling of Thomcord was planted in 1984 in plots in cooperation with California State University, Fresno.{{R|2008Ramming}} It was later selected in 1986 by Ramming and Tarailo and tested in the San Joaquin Valley under the name A29-67, and was introduced as "Thomcord."{{R|2008Ramming|2006_USDA}}

 

Although it has been called a "sentimental favorite" at farmers' markets, it is not expected to become a major commercial variety because its flavor is not as neutral as more popular grapes, such as Thompson Seedless, Crimson Seedless, or Flame Seedless. However, Ramming predicted that it would become a specialty item, much like the Muscat varieties, due to its distinctive, Concord-like flavor.{{R|2006_Sacramento_Bee}} Because of its strong reception at farmers' markets, it could compete with Concord and Niabell varieties in eastern markets, according to Ramming.{{R|2008Ramming}}

 

 

 

== See also ==

 

== References ==