টোগো: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

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৬৫ নং লাইন:
 
'''টোগো''' ([[ফরাসি ভাষা|ফরাসি]]: Togo ''তোগো'') পশ্চিম আফ্রিকার একটি প্রজাতন্ত্র। এর উত্তরে [[বুর্কিনা ফাসো]], পূর্বে [[বেনিন]], দক্ষিণে [[গিনি উপসাগর]], এবং পশ্চিমে [[ঘানা]]। টোগো উত্তর-দক্ষিণে প্রায় ৫৫০ কিমি দীর্ঘ এবং পূর্ব-পশ্চিমে এর দৈর্ঘ্য ৪০ থেকে ১৩০ কিমি পর্যন্ত হতে পারে। দেশটির আয়তন ৫৬,৭৮৫ বর্গ কিমি। [[লোমে]] টোগোর রাজধানী ও বৃহত্তম শহর।
 
== ইতিহাস ==
During the period from the 11th century to the 16th century, various tribes entered the region from all directions: the Ewé from the east, and the Mina and Guin from the west. Most settled in coastal areas.
Togoland, 1908
 
The slave trade began in the 16th century, and for the next two hundred years the coastal region was a major trading center for Europeans in search of slaves, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast".
 
In 1884 a treaty was signed at Togoville with the King Mlapa III, whereby Germany claimed a protectorate over a stretch of territory along the coast and gradually extended its control inland. In 1905, this became the German colony of Togoland. During World War I this German territory was invaded by British troops from the neighbouring Gold Coast colony and French troops coming from Dahomey.
 
Togoland was separated into two League of Nations mandates, administered by Britain and France. After World War II, these mandates became UN Trust Territories. The residents of British Togoland voted to join the Gold Coast as part of the new independent nation of Ghana in 1957, and French Togoland became an autonomous republic within the French Union in 1959.
Independence (1960)
 
Independence for French Togoland came in 1960 under Sylvanus Olympio. He was assassinated in a military coup on 13 January 1963 by a group of soldiers under the direction of Sergeant Etienne Eyadema Gnassingbe.[6] Opposition leader Nicolas Grunitzky was appointed president by the "Insurrection Committee", headed by Emmanuel Bodjollé.
 
On 13 January 1967, Eyadema Gnassingbe overthrew Grunitzky in a bloodless coup and assumed the presidency, which he held from that date until his sudden death on 5 February 2005 after 38 years in power, the longest occupation of any dictator in Africa. The military's immediate but short-lived installation of his son, Faure Gnassingbé, as president provoked widespread international condemnation, except from France. Some democratically elected African leaders such as Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal and Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria supported the move, thereby creating a rift within the African Union.[7]
 
Faure Gnassingbé stood down and called elections which he won two months later. The opposition claimed that the election was fraudulent. The developments of 2005 led to renewed questions about a commitment to democracy made by Togo in 2004 in a bid to normalise ties with the European Union, which cut off aid in 1993 over the country's human rights record.[citation needed] Up to 500 people were killed and around 40,000 fled to neighbouring countries in the political violence surrounding the presidential poll, according to the United Nations.[8]
 
== রাজনীতি ==
'https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/টোগো' থেকে আনীত