প্রথম রিচার্ড: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

রিচার্ড ফরাসি উপভাষা ও ফ্রান্সের দক্ষিণাঞ্চলের রোমানিয়ান ভাষাসহ আশেপাশের অঞ্চলের কয়েকটি ভাষায় দক্ষ ছিলেন।<ref>{{harvnb|Flori|1999 (French)|p=20.}}</ref> তিনি ফ্রানের দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের অ্যাকুইটাইনে বসবাস করতেন এবং ইংল্যান্ডে খুবই অল্পসময় কাটিয়েছেন। এছাড়া তিনি তার সেনাবাহিনীর রসদ দেওয়ার জন্য তার রাজ্যকে রাজস্ব আদায়ের উৎস হিসেবে ব্যবহার করতে ভালবাসতেন।<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|1948|pp=62–64}}</ref> তার লোকজনের কাছে তিনি আন্তরিক নেতা হিসেবে পরিচিত ছিলেন।<ref>Turner & Heiser {{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref> তিনি ইংল্যান্ডের খুব অল্পসংখ্যক রাজাদের মধ্যে অন্যতম যিনি তার রাজ্যের সংখ্যা দিয়ে নয় বরং তার নিজের বিশেষণে দিয়ে স্বরনীয় ও তিনি ইংল্যান্ডে ও ফ্রান্সে একজন অনুসরনীয় ব্যক্তিত্ত্ব হিসেবে জনপ্রিয়।<ref>{{harvnb|Harvey|1948|p=58}}.</ref>

== তথ্যসূত্র ==

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* {{citation |last=Maalouf |first=Amin |language=French |year=1984 |title=Les Croisades vues par les Arabes|editor=J'ai lu|page=318|isbn=2-290-11916-4|number=XI, part V|chapter=L'impossible rencontre}}

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* {{Cite news|last=Martin|first=Nicole|title=Richard I slept with French king 'but not gay'|url= http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1582009/Richard-I-slept-with-French-king-but-not-gay.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=18 March 2008|page=11}} See also {{Cite news|title=Bed-heads of state|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2008/03/18/dl1803.xml|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=18 March 2008|page=25}}

* {{Citation |last=McNeill |first=Tom |year=1992 |title=English Heritage Book of Castles |location=London |publisher=English Heritage and B. T. Batsford |isbn=0-7134-7025-9}}

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* {{Citation |last=Packard |first=Sydney |title=King John and the Norman Church |journal=The Harvard Theological Review |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=15 |number=1 |year=1922 |pages=15–40}}

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* Roger of Hoveden, ''Gesta Regis Henrici II & Gesta Regis Ricardi Benedicti Abbatis'', ed. William Stubbs, 2 vols, (London, 1867), available at [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ Gallica].

* Roger of Hoveden, ''Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene'', ed. William Stubbs, 4 vols, (London, 1868–71), available at [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ Gallica].

* Stafford, P., Nelson, J.L and Martindale, J. (2002) ''Law, Laity and Solidarities.'' Manchester University Press.

* {{Citation |last=Turner |first=Ralph |title=Richard Lionheart and English Episcopal Elections |journal=Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies |publisher=The North American Conference on British Studies |year=1997 |volume=29 |number=1 |pages=1–13}}

* {{Citation |last1=Turner |first1=Ralph V. |last2=Heiser |first2=Richard R |title=The Reign of Richard Lionheart, Ruler of the Angevin empire, 1189–1199 |location=Harlow |publisher=Longman |year=2000 |isbn=0-582-25659-3}}

== আরো পড়ুন ==

* Ralph of Diceto, ''Radulfi de Diceto Decani Lundoniensis Opera Historica'', ed. William Stubbs, 2 vols (London, 1876)

* Berg, Dieter. ''Richard Löwenherz''. Darmstadt, 2007.

* Edbury, Peter W. ''The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation''. Ashgate, 1996. [Includes letters by Richard reporting events of the Third Crusade (pp.&nbsp;178–182).] ISBN 1-84014-676-1

* Gabrieli, Francesco. (ed.) ''Arab Historians of the Crusades'', English translation 1969, ISBN 0-520-05224-2

* Gillingham, John, ''Richard Coeur de Lion: Kingship, Chivalry and War in the Twelfth Century'', 1994, ISBN 1-85285-084-1

* Nelson, Janet L. (ed.) ''Richard Coeur de Lion in History and Myth'', 1992, ISBN 0-9513085-6-4

* Nicholson, Helen J. (ed.) ''The Chronicle of the Third Crusade: The Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi'', 1997, ISBN 0-7546-0581-7

* Steven Runciman. ''A History of the Crusades'', 1951–54, vols. 2–3.

* William Stubbs (ed.), ''Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi'' (London, 1864), available at [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ Gallica]. (PDF of anon. translation, ''[http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/richard_of_holy_trinity.pdf Itinerary of Richard I and others to the Holy Land]'' (Cambridge, Ontario, 2001))

* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/GuillaumeTyr4.html William of Tyre, French continuation of. ''Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum''] (external link to text in medieval French).

* Williams, Patrick A. "The Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat: Another Suspect?", ''Traditio'', vol. XXVI, 1970.

* Reston, James Jr. "Warriors of God", 2001, ISBN 0-385-49562-5

== বহিঃসংযোগ ==

* [http://www.third-millennium-library.com/readinghall/GalleryofHistory/RICHARD_I/DOOR.html Richard I "Lionheart" BY JACOB ABBOTT in "btm" format]

* [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/hoveden1.html Roger of Hoveden on Richard the Lion-Hearted and King Philip II of France]

* [http://www.shadowedrealm.com/articles/exclusive/article.php?id=17 Richard and Saladin: Warriors of the Third Crusade]

* Richard I, [http://ducalucifero.altervista.org/tb_014.htm Ja nuls om pres non dira sa razon (Occitan version of lyric)]

* Richard I, [http://www.brindin.com/pfricjan.htm Ja nus hons pris ne dira sa reson (French version of lyric, with English translation by James H. Donalson)]

* [http://www.historicaleye.com/lionheart.html The Lion roars in France]

* [http://www.nls.uk/auchinleck/mss/richard.html King Richard] a Middle English metrical romance from the <!--site requests citation in this form; please do not remove editorial attribution-->''Auchinleck manuscript'' (edited by David Burnley and Alison Wiggins) at the National Library of Scotland

* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Richard I, King Of England}}

* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Richard I}}

* [http://studiromanzi.dsr.uniroma1.it/wiki/index.php/RICCARDO_CUOR_DI_LEONE Critical edition of ''Ia nus hons pris ne dira sa raison'' (Studi Romanzi, Univesità di Roma "la Sapienza")]