অ্যাক্টিনাইড: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য
বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে
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৮৩ নং লাইন:
== নিষ্কাশন ==
== বৈশিষ্টসমূহ==
<center>
{| Class = "wikitable collapsible" style = "text-align: center"
|+ অ্যাক্টিনাইডসমূহের বৈশিষ্ট (দীর্ঘসময় জীবিত থাকে এমন আইসোটপ সমূহ বন্ধনীর ভেতর দেখানো হচ্ছে)<ref name="Yu. D. Tretyakov" /><ref name=g1263>Greenwood, p. 1263</ref>
!বৈশিষ্ট
| Ac|| Th|| Pa|| U|| Np|| Pu|| Am|| Cm|| Bk|| Cf|| Es|| Fm|| Md|| No|| Lr
|-
!কোর চার্জ
| 89|| 90|| 91|| 92|| 93|| 94|| 95|| 96|| 97|| 98|| 99|| 100|| 101|| 102|| 103
|-
!আনবিক ভর
| [227]|| 232.0381|| 231.03588|| 238.02891|| [237]|| [244]|| [243]|| [247]|| [247]|| [251]|| [252]|| [257]|| [258]|| [259]|| [262]
|-
!প্রাকৃতিক আইসোটপের সংখ্যা<ref name="emsley" />
| 3|| 9|| 5|| 9 || 4|| 5 || 5|| 8|| 2|| 5|| — || — || — || — || —
|-
!প্রাকৃতিক আইসোটপ<ref name="emsley" /><ref>{{cite news|author=Peterson, Ivars |title=Uranium displays rare type of radioactivity|publisher=Science News|date=7 December 1991|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n23_v140/ai_11701241/}}</ref>
| 225, 227–228 || 226–232, 234–235 || 231, 233–236 || 232–240 || 237–240 || 238–240, 242, 244 || 241–245 || 242–249 || 249–250 || 249–253 || — || — || — || — || —
|-
!দীর্ভজীবি আইসোটপ
| 227|| 232|| 231|| 238|| 237|| 244|| 243|| 247|| 247|| 251|| 252|| 257|| 258|| 259|| 262
|-
![[Half-life]] of the longest-lived isotope
| 21.8 years|| 14 billion years|| 32,500 years|| 4.47 billion years|| 2.14 million years|| 80.8 million years|| 7,370 years|| 15.6 million years|| 1,400 years|| 900 years|| 1.29 years|| 100.5 days|| 52 days|| 58 min|| 261 min
|-
!Electronic configuration in the ground state
| 6d<sup>1</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 6d<sup>2</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>2</sup>6d<sup>1</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>or 5f<sup>1</sup>6d<sup>2</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>3</sup>6d<sup>1</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>4</sup>6d<sup>1</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>or 5f<sup>5</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>6</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>7</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>7</sup>6d<sup>1</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>9</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>or 5f<sup>8</sup>6d<sup>1</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>10</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>11</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>12</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>13</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>14</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>|| 5f<sup>14</sup>7s<sup>2</sup>7p<sup>1</sup>
|-
!অক্সাইডেশন দশা
| 3|| 3, 4|| 3, 4, 5|| 3, 4, 5, 6|| 3, 4, 5, 6, 7|| 3, 4, 5, 6, 7|| 2, 3, 4|| 3, 4|| 3, 4|| 2, 3|| 2, 3|| 2, 3|| 2, 3|| 2, 3|| 3
|-
!Metallic radius, nm
| 0.203|| 0.180|| 0.162|| 0.153|| 0.150|| 0.162|| 0.173|| 0.174|| 0.170|| 0.186|| 0.186 || —|| — || —|| —
|-
!আয়নের পরিধি, nm:<br/> An<sup>4+</sup><br/> An<sup>3+</sup>
|<br/> — <br/> 0.126||<br/> 0.114<br/> —||<br/> 0.104<br/> 0.118||<br/> 0.103<br/> 0.118||<br/> 0.101<br/> 0.116||<br/> 0.100<br/> 0.115||<br/> 0.099<br/> 0.114||<br/> 0.099<br/> 0.112||<br/> 0.097<br/> 0.110||<br/> 0.096<br/> 0.109||<br/> 0.085<br/> 0.098||<br/> 0.084<br/> 0.091||<br/> 0.084<br/> 0.090||<br/> 0.084<br/> 0.095||<br/> 0.083<br/> 0.088
|-
!তাপমাত্রা, °C:<br/> গলনাঙ্ক<br/> স্ফুটনাঙ্ক
| <br />1050<br />3300 || <br />1750<br />4800 || <br />1572<br />4400 || <br />1130<br />3800 || <br />640<br />3900 || <br />640<br />3230 || <br />1176<br />2610 || <br />1340<br />— || <br />1050<br />— || <br />900<br />— || <br />860<br />— || <br />1530<br />— || <br />830<br />— || <br />830<br />— || <br />1630<br />—
|-
!ঘনত্ব, g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|10.07 ||11.78 || 15.37|| 19.06||20.25||19.84||11.7||13.51||14.78|| || || || || ||
|-
!Standard electrode potential, V:<br/>''E''° (An<sup>4+</sup>/An<sup>0</sup>)<br/>''E''° (An<sup>3+</sup>/An<sup>0</sup>)
|<br/> —<br/> −2.13||<br/> −1.83<br/> —||<br/> −1.47<br/> —||<br/> −1.38<br/> −1.66||<br/> −1.30<br/> −1.79||<br/> −1.25<br/> −2.00||<br/> −0.90<br/> −2.07||<br/> −0.75<br/> −2.06||<br/> −0.55<br/> −1.96||<br/> −0.59<br/> −1.97||<br/> −0.36<br/> −1.98||<br/> −0.29<br/> −1.96||<br/> — <br/> −1.74||<br/> —<br/> −1.20||<br/> -<br/> −2.10
|-
!বর্ণ<br/> [M(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>n</sub>]<sup>4+</sup><br/> [M(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>n</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>
|<br/> —<br/> Colorless||<br/> Colorless<br/> Blue||<br/> Yellow<br/> Dark blue||<br/> Green<br/> Purple||<br/> Yellow-green<br/> Purple|| <br/> Brown<br/> Violet||<br/> Red<br/> Rose||<br/> Yellow<br/> Colorless||<br/> Beige<br/> Yellow-green|| <br/> Green<br/> Green||<br/> —<br/> Pink||<br/> —<br/> —||<br/> —<br/> —||<br/> —<br/> —||<br/> —<br/> —
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center"
|+জলীয়দ্রবনে অ্যাক্টিনাইড সমূহের আনুমানিক বর্ণ<ref name=g1265>Greenwood, p. 1265</ref>
| style="background:#ddd;"| অক্সাইডেশন দশা
| ৮৯ || ৯০ || ৯১ || ৯২ || ৯৩ || ৯৪ || ৯৫ || ৯৬ || ৯৭ || ৯৮ || ৯৯
|-
| +৩|| '''Ac<sup>3+</sup>'''
| style="background:#00f;"| <span style="color:white;">'''Th<sup>3+</sup>'''</span>
| style="background:#007;"| <span style="color:white;">'''Pa<sup>3+</sup>'''</span>
| style="background:#c0b;"| <span style="color:white;">'''U<sup>3+</sup>'''</span>
| style="background:#b0d;"| <span style="color:white;">'''Np<sup>3+</sup>'''</span>
| style="background:#50f;"| <span style="color:white;">'''Pu<sup>3+</sup>'''</span>
| style="background:#fa9;"| '''Am<sup>3+</sup>'''
| '''Cm<sup>3+</sup>'''
| style="background:#cf0;"| '''Bk<sup>3+</sup>'''
| style="background:#0c0;"| '''Cf<sup>3+</sup>'''
| style="background:#fdd;"| '''Es<sup>3+</sup>'''
|-
| +৪|| || '''Th<sup>4+</sup>
| style="background:#ffd;"| '''Pa<sup>4+</sup>'''
| style="background:#0f0;"| '''U<sup>4+</sup>'''
| style="background:#cf0;"| '''Np<sup>4+</sup>'''
| style="background:#d60;"| '''Pu<sup>4+</sup>'''
| style="background:#fd0;"| '''Am<sup>4+</sup>'''
| style="background:#ffd;"| '''Cm<sup>4+</sup>'''
| style="background:#ffa;"| '''Bk<sup>4+</sup>'''
| style="background:#0c0;"| '''Cf<sup>4+</sup>'''
|
|-
| +৫|| ||
| '''PaO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>'''
| style="background:#ff88ff;"| '''UO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>'''
| style="background:#0c0;"| '''NpO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>'''
| style="background:#d17;"| <font style="color:white;">'''PuO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>'''
| style="background:#ff0;"| '''AmO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>'''
|| || || ||
|-
| +৬|| || ||
| style="background:#ff0;"| '''UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>'''
| style="background:#fbb;"| '''NpO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>'''
| style="background:#fa7;"| '''PuO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>'''
| style="background:#ff5;"| '''AmO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>'''
|| || || ||
|-
| +৭|| || || ||
| style="background:#4a4;"| '''NpO<sub>2</sub><sup>3+</sup>'''
| style="background:#44aa88;"| '''PuO<sub>2</sub><sup>3+</sup>'''
| style="background:#4a4;"| '''[AmO<sub>6</sub>]<sup>5-</sup>'''
|| || || ||
|}</center>
===ভৌত বৈশিষ্ট ===
=== রাসায়নিক বৈশিষ্ট ===
==যৌগসমূহ==
=== অক্সাইড এবং হাইড্রোঅক্সাইড ===
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